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We present energy-and angle-resolved photoionization from Xe in an ultrastrong laser field at 10 19 W/cm 2 . The observed yields are consistent with the tunneling ionization of Xe 9+ to Xe 24+ . However, energy and angle-resolved photoelectron spectra show differences for electrons whose final energies are above or below 0.5 MeV, which is approximately the ponderomotive energy at these intensities. Above 0.5 MeV, the observed photoelectron cutoff energy (between 1 and 1.35 MeV), photoelectron energy spectra, and the angle-resolved photoelectron azimuthal distributions agree with a model using tunneling ionization, multiple charge states, a classical relativistic continuum, and nonparaxial three-dimensional (3D) focused laser field. Below 0.5 MeV the yields and angular distributions observed indicate dynamics not included within a classical, single electron model of the interaction.

Given a daily repeating timetable and locomotives of various types, each timetabled train must be assigned a locomotive. This paper presents an exact algorithm for the solution of this problem, based on an approach used to solve multiple-depot bus scheduling problems. The algorithm is used to solve moderately large scheduling problems drawn from real world data.

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