Like many other developing countries, Burkina Faso has been exploring how community resources can be tapped to co-finance health services. Although revenue generation is important for the viability of health services, effects on utilization and on equity of access to health care must also be considered. The authors present a logistic regression model to derive price elasticities of demand for health care based on cross-sectional survey data. While demand for health care appears inelastic overall (-0.79), subgroup analysis reveals differences in elasticity across age and income groups. Elasticities of demand for infants and children (-3.6 and -1.7) and for the lowest income quartile (-1.4) are substantially greater than overall elasticity. The method used is unusual in that it allows estimation of elasticities before the introduction of user fees. This increases the value of the information to policy makers.
Summary Objectives Burkina Faso has implemented a macroeconomic adjustment programme (MAP) along with an ambitious reform of the health care system. Our aim was (1) to verify whether MAPs led to a reduction in health resources, and (2) to analyze the consequences of health policies implemented. Method Cross‐sectional and retrospective study, spanning the years 1983–2003. The macro aspect is based upon documents from national and international sources, a database of secondary socioeconomic data, and interviews of key informants working in upper management. Household and health facility surveys were conducted in three regions covering 53 communities. Results Within the reforms, the health sector benefited from an important flow of resources. There were significant increases in public expenditures, health care staff, the number of primary care facilities and the availability of generic drugs. However, health facilities in the public sector remain underused and major inequities subsist. Access to health care is constrained by the population's ability to pay. Health expenditures impoverish households, creating new poor and impoverishing the already poor. Conclusions The success of reforms depends largely on the extent to which they remove financial barriers to access to services. The experience of Burkina Faso also reveals the need for fundamental changes that will motivate staff, improve productivity, and ensure good quality services. Integrating health development policies with strategic plans for poverty reduction can provide new opportunities for African countries to redesign their health systems within this type of perspective.
À l’instar de nombreux pays du Sud, le Burkina Faso a mis en place, au cours de la dernière décennie, une ambitieuse réforme sanitaire visant notamment à améliorer l’accessibilité des services sanitaires. L’article vise à analyser les inégalités d’accès aux services de santé plusieurs années après l’implantation de la réforme. Les analyses reposent sur les données d’une enquête conduite auprès de 1 604 ménages (12775 personnes) de trois régions du pays. Les résultats révèlent d’importantes différences dans l’accès aux formations publiques. Plus de la moitié des personnes malades provenant de ménages du quintile de revenu le plus élevé ont utilisé les services publics avant la fin de la première semaine d’un épisode de maladie, alors que moins d’une personne sur quatre l’a fait parmi les ménages les plus pauvres. Deux semaines après le début de la maladie, un homme malade sur deux s’est rendu dans une formation sanitaire publique pour obtenir des soins alors que c’est le cas de moins d’une femme sur deux. Toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, la propension à utiliser les services d’un professionnel lors d’un épisode de maladie est presque trois fois plus importante dans les familles appartenant au quintile de revenu le plus élevé qu’elle ne l’est dans celles du quintile de revenu le plus faible. D’indéniables progrès ont été réalisés dans l’amélioration de la couverture sanitaire et l’accessibilité géographique. Mais les inégalités d’accès aux soins demeurent frappantes et l’accessibilité financière des services publics reste limitée, notamment pour des groupes tels que les femmes, les plus pauvres et les personnes vivant en zone rurale.
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