The implementation of tasks related to the development of the transportation network as a whole and logging roads as an integral part of it requires scientifically based theoretical studies of the patterns of formation of spatial curves when combining elements of the plan and the longitudinal profile, since the rational laying of the route for many years determines its most important transport and operational characteristics (speed, traffic safety, traffic capacity). Consideration of the visual perception of the road by the driver will improve the quality of design decisions, which will allow to avoid emergencies in the future after setting the route into service. On the other hand, a decrease in speed before seemingly sharp turns of the road affects the efficiency of logging road transport. Therefore, the view of the road ahead should strongly orient the driver, i.e. be visually clear and clearly changing, ensuring the constancy or smooth reduction of the traffic flow mode. At the same time, the need for a successful spatial solution of the road increases. In the designs of logging roads, straight lines, transition curves, described in recent years most often according to the clotoid, and circular curves are found as elements of the route plan. It is found that the road view in perspective correctly orients the driver of the car, i.e. it is visually clear, provided that the lines describing the edges of the roadway and the edges of the roadway in the perspective image are curved in the same direction as in the road plan. The purpose of the work is to determine a set of quantitative indicators (curvature, radius of the curve in the plan, maximum curvature, maximum rate of change of curvature) for optimization of the visual smoothness and clarity of the central projections of elementary spatial and plane curves. The performed studies allow us to fully characterize the visual smoothness and clarity of the central projections of elementary spatial and plane curves. The above algorithm makes it possible to compile a computer program to determine the mentioned indicators. The indicators determined by this algorithm allow us to evaluate both the visual smoothness and clarity of curves on logging roads.

Currently, in Russia and abroad, many works are devoted to the study of design methods in the plan. Proposed several methods for alignment design of forest roads using information technologies, different objectives, ways of their solution, the nature of the geometric representation of the route and other features. The article discusses the main methods of designing logging roads based on the calculation of a uniquely defined route, which allows us to conclude that tracing is the most important stage of design and survey work, since it is the position of the route that determines the main technical and economic indicators of the projected road. This makes it necessary and expedient to conduct research and improve the technology and methods of computer-aided design of the route of logging roads using modern information technologies based on materials obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles or large-scale topographic plans in coordinates. Also, tracing methods should be linked to the accepted design technology. In turn, the choice of method and technology may depend on the specific features of the projected object: natural conditions, design stage, availability of topographic materials, etc.

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When planning the construction of a forest road and choosing its rational position on the ground, engineer is constantly faced with the need to take into account the features of the relief, climate, physical and geographical processes and phenomena, surface and underground waters, soil, vegetation, and human economic activity, as factors determining the first first of all, the cost of the construction of a forest road. A correlation analysis carried out for all the arguments has made it possible to establish the most important characteristics of the components of the geographic environment that affect the complexity of constructing a timber road by cost type. The state of theoretical research in the field of construction of departmental motorways has been thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. The analysis made it possible to outline the goals, objectives and general methodology for determining the cost of building roads, depending on the type of work, as well as varying degrees of complexity of road construction, the value of natural resources, and the specific qualities of the territory in the area of the road. The presented results and dependencies may be the basis for determining the basic cost of road construction

Технология проектирования трассы лесовозной автомобильной дороги в пространстве с использованием предложенных в данной статье методов принципиально отличается от технологии вариантного проектирования трассы лесовозной автомобильной дороги. При вариантном проектировании инженер намечает трассу в плане и потом проектирует оптимальный продольный профиль по заданному плану трассы. Затем проектировщик анализирует трассу совместно с получением решения профиля, используя оценочные характеристики, которые могут быть определены с помощью применения системы автоматического проектирования автомобильных дорог (например, суммарные приведенные затраты, строительная стоимость и др.), и намечает улучшение трассы. По новым направлениям вновь проектируется продольный профиль. Так повторяется до тех пор, пока не будет получено удовлетворительное решение. В предлагаемой технологии, наоборот, проектировщик намечает продольный профиль, а не оптимальное положение трассы в плане. Соответствие данному продольному профилю отыскивается с помощью методов, изложенных ранее в наших статьях. Затем проектировщик оценивает совместно решение профиля и плана, а также может скорректировать профиль и по уточненному профилю вновь оптимизировать план трассы, до получения окончательного решения. Применение предложенной технологии позволит более обоснованно получать трассу, близкую к оптимальной.