Annotation. In the structure of the corneal microbial diseases bacterial keratitis take second rate position after viral keratitis. They are characterized by a severe course and often leads to complications that require surgical treatment. P. aeruginosa is the main causative agent of keratitis associated with the contact lenses wearing. The aim of our work was to check up the combined action of fluoroquinolones, tobramycin and antiseptic decamethoxine on clinical strains of P. aeruginosa in vitro with microbiological methods. The studies were performed on clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, which were sensitive as well as resistant to the studied antimicrobial compounds. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using standard software packages “STATISTICA +” and “Microsoft Excel 2010”. Calculated the arithmetic mean (Xcr), standard deviation (σ). The results of our investigation demonstrated 2–4 times antimicrobial susceptibility increasing for quinolone and tobramycin resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of decamethoxine. Oftaquix, floximed and tobrex eye drops contain enough amount of antibiotics that is capable to affect both sensitive and resistant strains of P. aeruginosa in vitro. The revealed synergetic antipseudomonal action gives us grounds for further research of the combination etiotropic therapy effect on the course of the experimental keratitis caused by P. aeruginosa.

Annotation. Postoperative infectious complications in eye microsurgery are most often caused by S. aureus strains, among which resistance to fluoroquinolones, first-line drugs for the prevention of postoperative complications, is common. An alternative to fluoroquinolones is antiseptics. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of decamethoxin antiseptic on the antimicrobial properties of fluoroquinolones against S. aureus. Studies on the combined effect of the antimicrobial properties of fluoroquinolones and decamethoxin (DCM) were performed on the S. aureus museum strain ATCC 25923, on moderately stable and persistent S. aureus clinical strains (n=42) obtained from patients undergoing eye microsurgical procedures, by serial dilution method. The minimum bacteriostatic concentration (MBsC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBcC) of antimicrobials separately in pure form and with the addition of sub-bacteriostatic concentrations (subBsC, 1/4 MBsC) of DCM were determined. Statistical data processing was performed using special and office programs “STATISTICA 6.0”, “Microsoft Excel 2010”. The study found low sensitivity to fluoroquinolones in clinical strains of S. aureus, high sensitivity to DCM (MBsC 0.66±0.1; MBcC 3.19±0.4 μg/ml). The sensitivity of resistant and moderately resistant strains of S. aureus to fluoroquinolones in the presence of subBsC DCM was established: MBsC of ciprofloxacin in the presence of DCM decreased almost 4 times, norfloxacin — 5.5 times, ofloxacin — 6.8 times, of levofloxacin — 6.8 times, moxifloxacin 7.1 times. It was found that MBcC of norfloxacin for clinical resistant S. aureus strains decreased in 5.7 times, ofloxacin — in 9.2 times, levofloxacin — in 6.9 times, ciprofloxacin — in 8.6 times, moxifloxacin — in 7.9 times. The simultaneous use of antiseptic DCM and various fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agents provides effective protection against staphylococcal infection, contributes to the fight against antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus.

Successful research by scientists of new synthetic substances of various chemical groups contributes to the broadening of the arsenal of antimicrobial drugs for the prevention and treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases. Antimicrobial drugs, as a rule, suppress pathogenic, invasive, adhesive properties and reduce the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics in pathogens of supportive inflammatory diseases; significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment of diseases of infectious origin. The purpose of the study was to study the physicochemical, antimicrobial properties of derivatives of menthol, phenol and quinoline. The results of the study of physicochemical, antimicrobial properties of six chemical compounds of menthol, quinoline, and phenol derivatives using the principle of complex research, in which physicochemical, microbiological methods were used, are presented. There was shown that quaternary ammonium compounds of the menthol derivatives were alike white powders with a molecular weight of 581–693, a melting point of 990 to 1850° C. The chemicals are soluble in water, ethanol. Quinoline preparations have a molecular weight of 687; 756, melting point 178–2000°C; dissolved in ethanol. Compounds of phenol had a molecular weight of 111, 112, a melting point of 1020, 1100°C was soluble in ethanol. It has been established that synthesized substances possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action on Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, Candida albicans. In antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococci no markers of resistance to drugs containing in the molecule menthol, phenol, quinoline were found. In complex physical and chemical systems, it was important to study the coefficient of surface tension of solutions of drugs, which was an important objective physical indicator of the molecular state of various drugs. Distilled water was used as a control. Experiments were performed according to a well-known technique. According to the results of the study, in the control the surface tension of water was it was found to be 55,70 dn/cm2. In an experiment with 0,1% solution of decamethoxin; the drug number 2 was 40,80 dn/cm2 and 38,20 dn/cm2. In derivatives of quinoline (DN, drug № 4), was 39,60 dn/cm2 and 34,50 dn/cm2. Solutions of phenol (preparations №5; №6) were characterized by surface tension 32,40–43,50 dn/cm2. Surface tension of solutions of preparations depended on their chemical structure. The antimicrobial properties of the preparations were determined on the museum and clinical strains of microorganisms, which had typical tynctorial, morphological, and cultural characteristics. For a complete biological characterization in strains of Staphylococci, the formation of coagulase enzymes, lecithovitellase, hemolysins, and mannitol fermentation in anaerobic conditions were studied. At 12 museum and clinical strains of bacteria, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of six drugs, which are derivatives of menthol (DK, №2), quinoline (DN, №4), phenol (preparations №5, №6), have been detected. Derivatives of menthol acted bactericidal to Staphylococci at doses of 0,48-3,9 μg/ml; Quinoline derivatives in the range of 7,8–15,6 μg/ml; derivatives of phenol 31,25–62,5 μg/ml, respectively. Staphylococci were highly resistant to phenol derivatives (31,25–62,5 μg/ml). Gram-negative bacteria exhibited high resistance to quinoline and phenol derivatives (250–500 μg/ml). Summing up the results of determining the antimicrobial action of antiseptics derivatives of menthol, quinoline, it should be emphasized that the drugs have high activity in relation to Staphylococci (0,24–7,8 μg/ml). Phenol derivatives have low bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on Gram-negative bacteria (125–500 μg/ml), which limits their use in medicine.

An important role in the development of acne is played by the activity of the skin microflora (namely the bacteria Propionibacterum acnes) and members of the genus Staphylococcus. In the schemes of complex treatment of patients with this disease, antibiotics from among macrolides or lincosamides are mainly used. It is of interest to study the current state of susceptibility of staphylococci and propionic bacteria to these drugs, as well as to other antimicrobial agents in order to determine the prospects for expanding the arsenal of methods for treating acne. The aim of the study was to study the susceptibility of microorganisms involved in the development of acne to antimicrobials and antagonistic effects of probiotic strains of lactobacilli. We conducted a bacteriological study of the content of rash elements in 60 patients with acne. The biological characteristics of 40 strains of Staphylococcus spp. and 15 strains of Propionibacterum acnes isolated and researched. The sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics and antiseptics was determined by the disco-diffusion method and the method of serial double dilutions of drugs in a liquid nutrient medium. Determination of the sensitivity of acne pathogens to the antagonistic effect of lactobacilli was performed by the method of two-layer agar by reducing the number of microorganisms. The results of the study made it possible to establish that the isolated strains of bacteria show a low level of sensitivity to antimicrobials, which in medical practice are most often used for topical therapy of acne. Only 17.5 % of isolated staphylococcal strains were sensitive to erythromycin, only 45.0 % of strains of this species were sensitive to clindamycin. Strains of Propionibacterum acnes showed a higher level of sensitivity to antibiotics than staphylococci. However, the established indicators do not allow to consider highly effective means for treatment of acne on their basis. At the same time, a high level of sensitivity of acne pathogens to antiseptic drugs decamethoxine and Aeroplysinin 1 and antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus was established. Thus, the strains of Propionibacterum acnes and Staphylococcus spp., involved in the development of acne, are characterized by high levels of resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, benzoyl peroxide, which are now the basis of the arsenal of topical therapy for patients with this disease. There is a need to find new effective drugs for the etiotropic therapy of acne.

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