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This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Kaedah Gabungan Bunyi Kata (KGBK)-(the integrated sound-word method), to improve the skills in reading, writing of Bahasa Melayu and the reading interest of pupils with dyslexia. The samples of this study consisted of five pupils in a primary school with different levels of dyslexic problem. Two were classified as 'mild', two 'moderate' and one quite 'serious'. The KGBK teaching-and-learning intervention process was conducted for 16 weeks in a school classroom by a teacher trained in KGBK for this purpose. Six data collection methods were used: observation and recording, interviews with the teacher and students, student's works, teacher reflection notes, video recordings and four periodic KGBK tests. The data were analysed to answer the research questions stated earlier. The findings show that the KGBK approach used to teach these five dyslexic pupils was effective in increasing their proficiency in reading and writing of Bahasa MeIIlYU.Their interest in 2R also increased: they were motivated to learn to read and write. However, the increase varies according to the level of the dyslexic problems experienced by these pupils. Subject B (mild dyslexia) was able to read and write up to Level 8 in the KGBK tests, involving the use of diphthong words. Another 'mild dyslexia' subject C was able to read and write up to level 7, which involved closed syllable words 'ng'. Subjects A and D (moderate dyslexia) was able to read and write up to level 6, which involved words with two different 'e' sounds and '0'. Even subject E (serious dyslexia) was able to read and write up to level 6, The results also show that all five. subjects enjoyed learning the 2R. They feel motivated to continue learning. The teacher also found the KGBK modules and teaching procedures for teaching 2R Bahasa Malaysia easy to use.

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Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a widely accepted procedure for the treatment of large, fullthickness chondral defects involving various joints, but its use in developing countries is limited because of high cost and failure rates due to limited resources and support systems. Five patients (age <45 years) with focal cartilage defects received ACI at University of Malaya from 2006 to 2007 and followed up for 36 months. The average presubjective Knee Evaluation Forms (IKDC) improved from 38.44±6.29 to 25.6±8.04 postoperatively, the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) went from 25.6±8.04 to 13.96±1.63 and the American Knee Society Score (AKSS) improved from 80±14.33 to 92.96±5.82 post-operatively. Thus improvements were seen in the IKDC and AKSS score but not in the OKS. Magnetic resonance images showed the presence of cartilage tissue filling in the lateral and medial patellar facet and medial femoral condyle in three patients. Failures were seen in two patients, both with patellar defects and over the age of 36 years. Treatment with autologous chondrocyte implantation for focal cartilage defect in lateral and medial patellar facet and medial femoral condyle showed early improvement which was maintained at 3 yrs follow-up. ACI provided satisfactory outcome in focal cartilage defects involving the femoral condyle.

Breakage of the drill bit is common in orthopaedic procedures, but migration of the broken drill bit is rarely reported. We report a case of migration of a broken drill bit five years after acetabular fracture fixation. The drill bit migrated to the subcutaneous layer of the anterior aspect of the right hip following total hip replacement. We highlight this case as it could be encountered in any orthopaedic procedure, and we support the recommendation to record such incidences in the medical notes and to inform the patient.