The fertility data indicate that there is a need to change to scenario of contraception use in India. The present paper reports the attitude of spouse on the practice of family planning in a rural population from West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The information was collected through in-depth interviews with structured questionnaire. A considerable proportion of people reported that their spouse encouraged to adopt family planning. And very few people reported that their spouse opposed and discouraged the use of family planning methods. There was no trend of association with attitude of spouse with age and caste of respondents. But literacy and occupation had influence. In addition, majority of respondents opined that female sterilising (tubectomy) was a better permanent sterilization. No apparent association was seen between this attitude and characteristics of the respondent. Also, more than two-thirds of men and less than half of women reported that they advised others to adopt family planning. Family panning through contraception tries to achieve the principal objective to have only the desired number of children. Hence, the study warrants improving the attitude of the people, in favour of family planning and special strategies are to be planned to improve the involvement of men.

The study analyses the financial management practices adopted by modern rice milling firms in the Kangayam cluster of Tamil Nadu. For study, 40 firms were selected using simple random sampling method and data were collected through personal interviews with the owner / managers of the firm using a pre-tested interview schedule. The data pertaining to the financial performance were obtained from the records maintained by the firms for three financial years, from 2011-12 to 2013-14. The factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out. Significant differences among the fully and partially modernized rice milling firms have been observed in the preparation of cash budget, setting-up credit policy, preparation of inventory budget and review of inventory turnover, capital budgeting in investment analysis and accounting practices. The measures of financial management practices explained 58.4 per cent (R-squared value) of the variation in the profitability measure return on equity.

Grapes are one of the most delicious refreshing and nourishing fruits. Afghanistan produces 9.84 lakhtonnes of Grapes during 2018 (FAO statistics). It is one of the important commodities in the export basket of Afghanistan. The major export markets for Afghan’s fresh grapes are Pakistan and India. The major export markets for dried grapes (raisin) are India, Russia, Belarus, USA, Pakistan and UK. The present study aims to quantify the export performance and changing the structure of Grapes and raisin exports from Afghanistan. Secondary data on area, production and country-wise quantity exports of fresh and dried grapes were collected from FAO statistics, ITC and APEDA for a period of 13 years from 2006 to 2018. Compound Annual Growth Rate was computed for studying the trend in the area, production, yield, export quantity and export value for fresh and dried (raisin) grapes. Markov chain analysis was attempted to assess the direction of change in exports. Markov chain analysis results showed that Pakistan is the stable market for Afghan fresh Grapes and India and France are less stable markets. The major reasons are a geographical advantage for Pakistan which gave a competitive advantage over other countries concerning fresh grapes. India, Russia and Pakistan are stable markets for dried grapes and USA, UK, Germany and Belarus are less stable markets. India is the main country to import dried grapes (raisin) in the next five years. It shows a high value in terms of quantity and percentage which is more than 50 percent of all Afghanistan's dried grapes (raisin) export.

Shrimp has become a popular seafood delicacy across the world. Shrimp is one of the widely traded seafood items and shrimp farming has created huge employment opportunities and gives foreign exchange to developing Nations. Shrimp exports have grown substantially with the introduction of Litopenaeus vannamei in India. The study analyses the economics of shrimp production and the constraints faced by the shrimp farmers in Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. The economic analysis indicated that shrimp farmers have realized average gross returns of Rs.24,48,000 per hectare and average net return of Rs.8,71,038.58 per hectare. Disease problem and high feed cost were the major constraints faced by the farmers in the shrimp production.The results would help the policy makers in formulating suitable programs and devising strategies for increasing production of shrimp in Tamil Nadu.

Aims: With many Manipur farmers depending on pineapple cultivation, it was essential to understand the constraints faced by the farmers in pineapple cultivation. Thus, the study aimed to identify the constraints on pineapple cultivation and value-addition activities in the State of Manipur. Study Design: Manipur was purposively selected for the study. Totally three major pineapple growing districts of Manipur viz Senapati, Churachandpur, and Thoubal were considered, 120 pineapple farmers and 60 intermediaries were interviewed with the help of a well-structured questionnaire for collection of suitable information. Methodology: The Garrett ranking technique was used to analyze the data. Results: Lack of awareness on production technology, lack of seasonal labour, lack of physical facilities for processing, lack of training/awareness on pineapple processing, less government support, lack of cold storage and lack of metallic and link roads were the major constraints faced by the pineapple farmers and intermediaries of Manipur.