ing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. Occult hepatitis C virus (OCV) infection is characterized by presence of HCV infection with undetectable hepatitis C antibodies or/and RNA in serum. Scanty information is available about the etiology of viral chronic liver diseases in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Therefore a study was carried out for detecting and genotyping of HCV & OCV in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) in UAE.Methods: A total of 142 serum samples from CLD patients and 139 healthy individuals were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) & (RT-PCR) in determining HCv RNA & HBVDNA in serum samples. ELISA tests were used to detect HCV & HBV markers in patient sera. Liver biopsies were taken from CLD patients for immunohistochemistry((IHC) staining.Results: The results indicated the prevalence of HCV, Occult HCV, dual (HBV &HCV) and HBV infections at a rate of 43.7%, 27.5%, 19.0% and 12.7% in CLD patients respectively. Were as Healthy subjects were positive for anti body HCV and HBV-DNA at a rate of 3.6% and 2.2% respectively (P = 0.001). The most prevalent genotypes and subtypes of of HCV infection in CDL patients were genotype 4 (28.3%),Where as the prevalence of other genotypes,3a,1a, and 3b,1b, 5, 2, 3a & 3b, 2a and 1a & 1b were in the range of 25.3 to 1.3%. IHC results for HCV in biopsy tissues revealed that 84.6 (11/13) were positive. Histopathological studies of liver biopsies revealed that patients with HCV infection were more likely to have necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis than patients without HCV infection.Conclusion: Occult HCV is relatively frequent among patients with CLD in the UAE. Phylogenetic tree showed that genotype 4 appears to be the dominant genotype Where as the prevalence of other genotypes that circulating in UAE population.(1b, 5, 2, 3a & 3b, 2a and 1a &1b) were less dominant than genotype 4.

Background: Brucellosis is an endemic enzootic disease that can involve many organs and tissues. Brucella epididymo-orchitis is a focal complication of the human brucellosis. This study present epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of patients suffering from Brucella induced epididymo-orchitis, in comparison with cases of nonspecific epididymo-orchitis.Methods: this analytical and cross sectional study was performed in valiasr hospital in arak from 2007 to 2011,40 case of Brucella epididymo-orchitis were compare with 40 of bacterial(non specific) epididymo-orchitis and then statistics were analyzed by spss-ver.16 and by Student T test & Mann-Whitney U test & chisquare test.Results: In this study there was no significant difference between the age (P value = 0.8), fever (P value = 0.17), history of urologic manipulation (P value = 0.23), signs of STD (P value = 0.6), increased ESR (P value = 0.28) and positive CRP (P value = 0.45), of two groups, but there was a significant difference between the presence of arthritis & arthralgias (P value = 0.02), leukocytosis (P value <0.05), pyuria (P value = 0.002) symptoms of dysury -frequency (P value = 0.004), presence of testicular abscess, (P value = 0.021) in sweating (P value <0.05) and location (P value <0.05), in the two groups.Conclusion: This study showed in the existence of epididymo-orchitis without symptoms like: dysuria and frequency,leukocytosis and abnormal urine analysis is suggestive of brucella epididymoorchitis. The physicians In endemic areas can faster to use of these findings in the diagnosis and treatment of Brucella epididymo-orchitis.

Background: Tuberculin skin testing (TST) is used for identification of tuberculosis infection. Interpretation of test is related to many factors such as prevalence of disease in community, use of vaccine, age of patients and exposure to non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Cut off point of TST is reported between 2 to 16 mm in different communities. In this study we aimed to determine the predictive value and cut off point of TST in probable patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Methods: A total of 714 probable patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with mean age 57 ± 20.11 years were included in this study. 52.9% of them were male. All subjects were tested using 5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative (PPD). Gold standard for diagnosis of TB was considered positive smear or culture. Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of TST were determined. Cut off point of PPD was determined using Roc curve.Results: 113 patients from 714 suspicious subjects (15.82%) had pulmonary tuberculosis. 80% of them had positive sputum smear. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for PPD > = 5 mm were 80%, 61%, 28% and 94% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for PPD > = 10 mm were 53%, 82%, 35% and 90% respectively. The calculated cut off point for PPD was > = 4 mm.