Background: The present study evaluated purified protein derivative (PPD) changes based on mediastinal lymph node density. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was performed on 130 patients who were referred to Valiasr and Amir Al-Momenin Hospitals in Arak, Iran for a CT scan for non-infectious and non-tumor reasons. The gender of the patients was recorded, and they then underwent non-contrast CT, and their mediastinal lymph node density was measured and recorded based on the Hounsfield units. Patients were evaluated for changes in the tuberculin test. The induration diameter obtained from the tuberculin test was recorded for each individual. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS software ver. 20. Results: There was a positive correlation between mediastinal lymph node density and tuberculin test induration diameter, so larger induration diameter in the tuberculin test results in increasing lymph node density result (r = 0.429, P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between mediastinal lymph node density and age, i.e., mediastinal lymph node density decreased with increasing age (P < 0.001, r = -0.616). Lymph node density was higher in men than in women (P = 0.022). Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between the mediastinal lymph node density and the tuberculin test induration diameter, and the tuberculin test induration diameter increases with increasing lymph node density. There is a negative correlation between the mediastinal lymph node density and age, i.e., the mediastinal lymph node density decreases with increasing age. Lymph node density was also higher in men than in women. Therefore, the results can help ensure an earlier diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, and measuring the mediastinal lymph node density is recommended.

Background: Brucellosis is an endemic enzootic disease that can involve many organs and tissues. Brucella epididymo-orchitis is a focal complication of the human brucellosis. This study present epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of patients suffering from Brucella induced epididymo-orchitis, in comparison with cases of nonspecific epididymo-orchitis.Methods: this analytical and cross sectional study was performed in valiasr hospital in arak from 2007 to 2011,40 case of Brucella epididymo-orchitis were compare with 40 of bacterial(non specific) epididymo-orchitis and then statistics were analyzed by spss-ver.16 and by Student T test & Mann-Whitney U test & chisquare test.Results: In this study there was no significant difference between the age (P value = 0.8), fever (P value = 0.17), history of urologic manipulation (P value = 0.23), signs of STD (P value = 0.6), increased ESR (P value = 0.28) and positive CRP (P value = 0.45), of two groups, but there was a significant difference between the presence of arthritis & arthralgias (P value = 0.02), leukocytosis (P value <0.05), pyuria (P value = 0.002) symptoms of dysury -frequency (P value = 0.004), presence of testicular abscess, (P value = 0.021) in sweating (P value <0.05) and location (P value <0.05), in the two groups.Conclusion: This study showed in the existence of epididymo-orchitis without symptoms like: dysuria and frequency,leukocytosis and abnormal urine analysis is suggestive of brucella epididymoorchitis. The physicians In endemic areas can faster to use of these findings in the diagnosis and treatment of Brucella epididymo-orchitis.