The number and viability of microorganism specimens Bacillus spp. isolated from permafrost soil remained unchanged after incubation at temperatures of -16-37°C. Experiments on F1 CBA/Black-6 mice showed that incubation of bacteria at -5°C for 72 h promotes a decrease in their toxicity and an increase in their immunostimulating effect.

We studied the effects of secondary metabolites of Bacillus sp. isolated from late Neogene permafrost on secretion of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-2, and IFNγ) and antiinflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It was found that metabolites of Bacillus sp. produced more potent effect on cytokine secretion than mitogen phytohemagglutinin and metabolites of Bacillus cereus, medicinal strain IP5832. Activity of metabolites depended on the temperature of bacteria incubation. "Cold" metabolites of Bacillus sp. (isolated at -5°C) primarily induced Th1-mediated secretion of IFNγ, while "warm" metabolites (obtained at 37°C) induced Th2-mediated secretion of IL-4. The results suggest that Bacillus sp. metabolites are promising material for the development of immunomodulating drugs.

An ointment containing metabolites of Bacillus sp. microorganisms isolated from permafrost samples was applied onto the skin wound of BALB/c mice. Metabolites isolated during culturing of Bacillus sp. at 37°C produced a potent therapeutic effect and promoted wound epithelialization by 30% in comparison with the control (ointment base) and by 20% in comparison with Solcoseryl. Treatment with Bacillus sp. metabolites stimulated predominantly humoral immunity, reduced the time of wound contraction and the volume of scar tissue, and promoted complete hair recovery. These metabolites can be considered as modulators of the wound process with predominance of regeneration mechanisms.

Fossil bacteria are evolutionarily valuable forms of life. In permafrost conditions for a very long time, bacteria can develop a unique repair mechanisms of structural and functional defects. In the experiment on mice of BALB/c it was revealed the presence of high reparative capacity in fossil bacteria strain MG8 Bacillus sp., isolated from samples of relict permafrost, and their metabolic products – metabolites that can be delegated to other living systems. Ability to regulate reparative processes in macroorganism shows in MG8 in the doses less than 20×1103 microbial cells and topically on the wound surface. The “thermal" metabolites, produced by culturing the bacteria at 37°C, are leaders modulation of repair processes in healing skin blemishes. Local application on the wound ointment with "heat" metabolites allows to accelerate by 30% the process of reparation relative to placebo, by 20% – relative to the medicinal product "Solcoseryl" and by 10% – faster than under the influence of bacteria. Dynamics of morphogenetic processes in the healing of skin defect under MG8 bacteria effect and their metabolites is correlated with the dynamics of immune system activity. The sequence of changes in the activity of various components of the immune system (cellular factors inherent immunoresistance – cell immunity humoral immunity) corresponds to the stage of development of the repair process (damage – inflammation – recovery). Mechanisms of regulation of repair processes in the immune system consistent with the general laws regulating the inflammatory process and changes in waves: the predominant increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory mechanisms replaced predominant anti-inflammatory mechanisms of increased activity of the immune system. Using strain MG8 metabolites allows to optimize regenerative process, to reduce time of wound contraction and the formation of scar tissue, to full restore of the coat, so they can be modulators of the wound process, with a predominance of regeneration mechanisms

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