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The Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by widespread pain and diffuse tenderness in specified locations. The literature clearly points out that FMS is more prevalent in females rather than males, and among patients with major depression disorder (MDD). The aim of the current study was to obtain a better conception of the linkage existing between depression, gender and FMS. Forty-two male patients and 42 age-matched females, as well as age-matched male and female healthy controls were evaluated for coexisting FMS using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. Each patient completed a questionnaire characterizing the quality of their sleep, a Sheehan disability scale (SDS) and SF-36 scale to measure the quality of life. The degree of depression of each patient was scored using Hamilton depression rating scales (HDRS) and Global assessment was done using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). Disease parameters were worse for men as compared to women; CGI-S: 5.4 +/- 1 (mean +/- standard deviation), versus 4.0 +/- 1 (t = 6.634, P < 0.001), HDRS: 23.9 +/- 6 versus 20.8 +/- 6 (t = 2.304, P = 0.024), respectively. Yet, FMS was more prevalent among depressed females; 26% versus 2%, (chi2(3) = 9.722, P = 0.002) and so were the average number of tender points (TP) (6.1 +/- 5 versus 2.2 +/- 3, t = 4.399, P < 0.001). The SF-36, SDS and sleep quality scores were similar between males and females. A one-way analysis of variance with gender and disease (depressed vs. non-depressed) revealed that both gender and disease were found to be significant contributing factors for the number of TP (F = 21.131, P < 0.0001; F = 65.232, P < 0.0001, respectively). A one-way analysis of covariance for TP with CGI-S and HDRS as covariates revealed that gender was a significant factor regardless of depression severity (F = 30.028, P < 0.001). CGI-S and Hamilton scores correlated with TP count in females (r = 0.396, P = 0.009, r = 0.531, P < 0.001) but not in males. Female gender is a risk factor for FMS in depressed population. Depression is associated with FMS among women but not among men. Among females, depression severity is significantly correlated to FMS severity. FMS is correlated to sleep quality and to quality of life among depressed patients.

Background:Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is associated with depressive disorders.Aim:to investigate characteristics of FMS in a cohort of young women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Methods:30 young patients with PMS were included and compared with 26 women who attended a gynecological outpatient clinic. Assessment included demographics, clinical health assessment questionnaire (CLINHAQ), fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), sleep and fatigue questionnaires, Sheehan disability scales, SF-36 assessment for QoL, visual analogue scale (VAS) and MINI questionnaires were completed. Each patient underwent a physical examination.Results:The FIQ score of the PMS group was 33.09±18.48 vs. 8.6±12.62 (p<0.001).. The global pain scale was 3.92±2.96 vs. 1.29±2.2 (p<0.005). A sleep questionnaire scored in the PMS group compared to 12.6±7.8 vs. 7.46±5.3 (p<0.01) in the controls. The tenderness was measured by the number of tender point as defined in the ACR criteria of the FMS 3.13±4.36 v. 0.46±1.1 in the PMS groups compared to the controls (p<0.005), five PMS patients and none in the controls had clinical established FMS. Psychiatric comorbidity was significantly more common in the PMS group affecting 16 of the 30 PMS patients compared to only 3 of the 26 controls (χ2(1)=10.85) (p<0.005).Conclusion:In this study group of patients PMS we detected higher levels of tenderness, higher psychiatric comorbidity, higher disabilities and lower QoL. All of these correlated with have a lower pain threshold.