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The waste disposal issues were the most severe problems that could cause global warming, which depletes the environment. The research hypothesis was to find the suitability and sustainability of utilizing the waste by-products in the invention of green geopolymer concrete to eliminate the tremendous effects caused by the wastes. Due to the increased demand for fly ash in recent years, the requirement of high alkaline activators, and elevated temperature for curing, there was a research gap to find an alternative binder. The novelty of this research was to utilize the waste wood ash, which is available plenty in nearby hotels and has an inbuilt composition of high potassium that can act as a self alkaline activator. Waste wood ash procured from the local hotels was replaced with fly ash by 0 to 100% at 10% intervals. The setting and mechanical characteristics were found on the prolonged ages to understand the influence of waste wood ash. Microstructural characterization was found using Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis to define the impact of waste wood ash in the microstructure. The research findings showed that replacing 30% waste wood ash with fly ash attained better performance in setting properties and all mechanical parameters. The obtained optimum mix could provide the best alternative for fly ash in geopolymer to eliminate the economic thrust by the requirement of alkaline activators and deploy the environmental impact caused by the waste wood ash.

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A mixture of hazardous waste from various places, including hospitals, testing facilities, clinics, etc., is a biomedical waste. It is possible that eventually, there could be a significant risk to human lives and the survival of plant and animal life on this planet from hazardous biomedical waste disposal. Biomedical waste is usually burnt at an incineration plant and produces ash called incinerated biomedical waste ash (IBWA). If IBWA is not disposed correctly, it may contaminate the groundwater because heavy metals not eliminated during the incineration process. The groundwater contamination problem due to IBWA may be minimised using geopolymer concrete (GPC). When discussing pollution and the environment, another big issue involves waste glass. There was a rise in the quantity of waste glass generated each day, and the recycling region is restricted. To minimise this issue, we can exploit the waste glass powder in the construction sectors. The substitute for cement concrete is geopolymer concrete which was predominantly manufactured from renewable resources. This research work aims to produce the geopolymer concrete at room temperature. The ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) with IBWA ratio is fixed as 70:30, and the fine aggregate (M-Sand) is replaced with varying the glass powder as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% have been done and cured under ambient curing. The addition of IBWA and glass powder has been performed to increase the reactivity and performance of geopolymer concrete. KeywordsGeopolymer concrete • Incinerated biomedical waste ash • GGBS • Waste glass powder • Mechanical properties • Rheological properties

Bio-Medical Waste Ash (BMWA) in Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) has been studied for its potential use as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). The raw materials were determined to have physical and chemical characteristics. Bio-medical waste ash was used for GGBS at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% by weight replacement. The mixing proportion of the GGBS, M-Sand, and Alkaline solution is 1:2.21:3.48, respectively. A compressive strength test was performed for all of the specimens. Results showed that up to 10 % of BMWA replacement for GGBS had higher compressive strength than a standard mix (0 % BMWA). Use 7 % BMWA after 28 days of curing, the maximum compressive strength of 39.8 N / mm2 was achieved. After 28 days of curing, specimens prepared using 13 M NaOH yielded a better compressive strength than the normal mix. At 28 days of curing time, the average compressive strength of 40.12 N / mm2 was reached.