Landfills are major sources of contamination due to the presence of harmful bacteria and heavy metals. Electrokinetic-Bioremediation (Ek-Bio) is one of the techniques that can be conducted to remediate contaminated soil. Therefore, the most prominent bacteria from landfill soil will be isolated to determine their optimal conditions for culture and growth. The degradation rate and the effectiveness of selected local bacteria were used to reduce soil contamination. Hence, this enhances microbiological activities to degrade contaminants in soil and reduce the content of heavy metals. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of isolated bacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiformis) to remove mercury in landfill soil. 5 kg of landfill soil was mixed with deionized water to make it into slurry condition for the purpose of electrokinetic and bioremediation. This remediation technique was conducted for 7 days by using 50 V/m of electrical gradient and Lysinibacillus fusiformis bacteria was applied at the anode reservoir. The slurry landfill soil was located at the middle of the reservoir while distilled water was placed at the cathode of reservoir. After undergoing treatment for 7 days, the mercury analyzer showed that there was a significant reduction of approximately up to 78 % of mercury concentration for the landfill soil. From the results, it is proven that electrokinetic bioremediation technique is able to remove mercury within in a short period of time. Thus, a combination of Lysinibacillus fusiformis and electrokinetic technique has the potential to remove mercury from contaminated soil in Malaysia.
Abstract. Soil contamination with heavy metals poses major environmental and human health problems. This problem needs an efficient method and affordable technological solution such as electro-bioremediation technique. The electro-bioremediation technique used in this study is the combination of bacteria and electrokinetic process. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Pseudomonas putida bacteria as a biodegradation agent to remediate contaminated soil. 5 kg of kaolin soil was spiked with 5 g of zinc oxide. During this process, the anode reservoir was filled with Pseudomonas putida while the cathode was filled with distilled water for 5 days at 50 V of electrical gradient. The X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF) test indicated that there was a significant reduction of zinc concentration for the soil near the anode with 89 % percentage removal. The bacteria count is high near the anode which is 1.3x107 cfu/gww whereas the bacteria count at the middle and near the cathode was 5.0x106 cfu/gww and 8.0x106 cfu/gww respectively. The migration of ions to the opposite charge of electrodes during the electrokinetic process resulted from the reduction of zinc. The results obtained proved that the electro-bioremediation reduced the level of contaminants in the soil sample. Thus, the electro-bioremediation technique has the potential to be used in the treatment of contaminated soil.
PENDAHULUANBahan bakar fosil, khususnya minyak saat ini masih merupakan bahan bakar yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Akibatnya cadangan minyak bumi yang tersedia semakin lama akan semakin menipis. Apabila terus dikonsumsi tanpa ditemukannya cadangan minyak baru, diperkirakan cadangan minyak di Indonesia akan habis dalam kurun waktu 10-15 tahun mendatang. Hal ini harus segera diimbangi dengan penyediaan sumber energi alternatif yang renewable, melimpah jumlahnya, dan murah harganya sehingga terjangkau oleh masyarakat luas (Hermawan, 2006). Abdullah(2002) menyatakan bahwa sampah yang dihasilkan di kota-kota besar di Indonesia bervariasi antara 0,46-3,50 kg/orang/hari. Semakin tinggi produksi sampah kota yang dihasilkan dan semakin terbatas lahan untuk pembuangan sampah menjadikan sampah sebagai permasalahan yang banyak dihadapi di berbagai kota besar. Sampah buah-buahan termasuk ke dalam sampah organik yang banyak dihasilkan di perkotaan dan memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber energi. Produksi buah-buahan di Indonesia sangat bervariasi dan tergantung pada musim, salah satu contohnya saja buah durian. Produksi durian lokal di Indonesia adalah sebesar 683.232 ton/tahun (Nuriana, dkk, 2012). Tidak jauh berbeda dengan buahbuahan, produksi buah kelapa di Indonesia rata-rata 15,50 milyar butir/tahun, yang akan menghasilkan 0,75 juta ton tempurung kelapa dan masih sangat minim sekali pemanfaatannya.Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan optimalisasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi sampah buah dan tempurung kelapa sebagai salah satu sumber energi terbarukan, sekaligus dapat menjadi alternatif penanggulangan sampah perkotaan yaitu dengan mengolahnya menjadi briket arang. Briket adalah bahan bakar padat yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang mempunyai bentuk tertentu. Briket arang adalah arang yang diolah lebih lanjut menjadi bentuk briket (penampilan dan kemasan yang lebih menarik) yang dapat digunakan untuk keperluan bahan bakar sehari-hari.Salah satu usaha yang dilakukan untuk menaikkan nilai kalor briket yang berasal dari biomassa agar memenuhi standar briket bio-batubara adalah dengan penambahan campuran yang dapat menaikkan nilai kalor, salah satunya adalah dengan plastik High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Sebagai contoh, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Prasetiyo
Contaminated soil with heavy metals, especially Arsenic (As) has become a major issue worldwide. As is reported to be a metal that affects human health and is related to have caused serious diseases that interrupts the nervous system, blood vessels and kidneys. However, proper treatment techniques such as Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) method can be employed and is capable of controlling these heavy metals from contaminating the soil strata and groundwater resources. This study is to investigate the leachability of Arsenic (As) in S/S method when bagasse ash (BA) is added to remedy contaminated Landfill soil. Cement is added at a proportion of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in sample weights without BA while in another sample; the cement replaces BA at a proportion of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%. and 10%. All samples were allowed to harden and cured at room temperature for 7, 14 and 28 days. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by conducting Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP). Results indicate that pH and leachability are found to have major influence on metal release. The final pH after leaching tests showed improvements especially samples containing BA. In addition, the concentration of As in the SPLP test after the curing period of 28 days were detected to be below the leachability limit as regulated by WHO's Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. As a whole, the results obtained from testing showed that sample containing 10% cement with 10% BA is the most effective and is the optimum mix since this proportion succeeded in minimising the leachability of As at total reduction by 100%, In conclusion, partial replacement of cement with BA in the binder system has been successful in reducing the leachability.
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