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The borderline between molecular recognition element (MRE) tools that are biological in nature and synthetic (organic) receptor molecules is no longer well definable; these two classes of recognition elements are merging. This is especially true for enzyme models, polymers imprinted by biomolecules, ionophores (which mimic the function of channels), and (synthetic) oligonucleotides. In this paper, we introduce three new examples of modified recognition elements for biosensing: (i) bienzyme conjugates for quantification of inhibitors of choline esterase; (ii) recognition of L-adenosine by high-affinity oligonucleotides (aptamers); (iii) catalyzed conversion of alkanes by hydroperoxides in the presence of porphyrin complexes. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RECOGNITION ELEMENTSEnzymes and antibodies represent powerful tools that allow for sensitive and specific methods of detection and quantitation to be developed for a wide variety of substances.Genetic engineering allows for the optimization of the properties of biomacromolecules, such as stability and substrate specificity, by exchanging amino acids. Multifunctional proteins can be provided by fusing the structural genes. The latter ap-37

5lonomolecular films of ferrocene derivatives (FD) and of glucose oxidase (GOD) have been formed on a graphite electrode b!. the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) method with the help of amphiphilic polymers. Cyclic voltammograms of these films and of their interaction with glucose osidase were studied. FerrocenecarboxTlic acid, incorporated into polymeric matrices b!. adsorption to a monomolecular polymer film or by the direct mixing with a polymer solution before LB-film formation. retain their mediator properties in the reaction with GOD. The amperometric response of a graphite electrode with immobilized multilayer films containing polymer matrices, ferrocenecarboq-lic acid and GOD were linear over the range 1-20 mhI of glucose.