The analysis of failure of parts and units of the sowing section during abnormal operation of seeders is given. Using modern CAD systems, a stress-strain analysis of parts and assemblies of the sowing section was carried out, which made it possible to identify a failure above the indicated one, which is associated with a violation of the technological and technical process of operating seeders when sowing grain and industrial crops.

Ensuring a smooth flow of seed with a decrease in the number of injured seeds, a given instability of the total seeding, regardless of the forward speed of the sowing implement with the necessary distribution of seeds along the length and depth of the furrow, all these are the main tasks for modern sowing systems of sowing machines. Thus, we could come to the conclusion that the work devoted to improving the quality indicators of sowing agricultural crops with a seeder by developing a reel-to-reel sowing device with a four-section reel, the grooves of which are formed by the surface of rotation of the torus and are rotated relative to each other along a helical line, at an angle of 45 degrees, as well as a double-disc opener with a seed flow shaper for placing them on the bottom of the furrow is of great importance for the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The article deals with the improving the quality indicators of sowing crops by a planter equipped with reel seeding devices and four-section. the current research also presents and analyses the results of field experiments.

The article describes the efficient copying crop lifter of a combine header, which allows to significantly reduce grain losses during harvesting lodged crops. The article deals with mounting, adjustment of the proposed copying crop lifter and a method of experimental research to substantiate the optimal design and operating parameters of this device. The results of field experiment based on the method of a multifactorial experiment proved that the smallest grain losses are provided at the combine speed υ = 1.5 … 1.9 m/s, the thickness of the retainer plate h = 2.8 … 3.1 mm and the length base of the copying crop lifter l = 405 … 450 mm.