Purpose The tip of the appendix may be located in various areas of the abdominal cavity due to its variable length and/or the changeable position of the caecum. Although in the case of an atypical position the tip is usually located behind the caecum, there are possible locations that occur very rarely. Therefore, in the case of appendicitis the symptoms may lead to the wrong diagnosis. The aim of this study is to present the most atypical locations of the tip of the appendix found on CT (computed tomography) scans and thus help to avoid misdiagnoses. Imaging findings The most unusual locations of the tip of the appendix found in healthy subjects included: left inferior quadrant, along the lower edge of the liver near the gallbladder and the right kidney, the tip touching the duodenum, the rectum or appendages, and a long appendix located in the scrotum as the content of a hernia. In these positions, appendicitis may mimic acute diverticulitis, cholecystitis, duodenal ulcer, duodenitis, enteritis, or adnexal or testis pathologies. Conclusions It is important to be aware of atypical locations of the appendix because appendicitis in an unusual area may mimic other acute abdominal diseases and delay the proper treatment.

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<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Due to the variety of clinical symptoms that occur in rare neurodegenerative diseases and difficulties in the correct diagnosis, there is a need to learn their characteristic imaging findings by using conventional MRI. That knowledge helps to determine the appropriate differential diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis. The aim of this review is to present the typical neuroimaging signs of the selected neurodegenerative disorders and to create a practical approach to imaging findings useful in everyday clinical practice. <b><i>Images:</i></b> Images of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Wilson’s disease (WD), and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) are provided to visualize and distinguish the typical features of those diseases and therefore to assist neurologists and neuroradiologists in decision-making process. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It is important to know the characteristic MRI features of rare neurodegenerative diseases and to use them in everyday clinical practice. MRI is a valuable tool when considering the initial diagnosis because it is proven to be very useful in the differentiation of more advanced stages of the rare neurodegenerative diseases but also from other neurodegenerative disorders.

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