Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a blood borne and transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI). It has emerged as one of the major health challenges worldwide. In India, around 12-18 million peoples are infected with HCV, but in terms of prevalence percentage, its looks moderate due to large population. The burden of the HCV infection increases due to lack of foolproof screening of blood and blood products before transfusion. The qualified screening and quantification of HCV play an important role in diagnosis and treatment of HCV-related diseases. If identified early, HCV infection can be managed and treated by recently available antiviral therapies with fewer side effects. However, its identification at chronic phase makes its treatment very challenging and sometimes ineffective. The drugs therapy for HCV infection treatment is also dependent on its genotype. Different genotypes of HCV differ from each other at genomic level. The RNA viruses (such as HCV) are evolving perpetually due to interaction and integration among people from different regions and countries which lead to varying therapeutic response in HCV-infected patients in different geographical regions. Therefore, proper diagnosis for infecting virus and then exact determination of genotype become important for targeted treatment. This review summarizes the general information on HCV, and methods used for its diagnosis and genotyping.

Background: Neuraminidase enzymes are a large family found in a range of organisms. The best-known neuraminidase is viral neuraminidase, a drug target for the prevention of the spread of influenza infection. The viral neuraminidases are frequently used as antigenic determinants found on the surface of the influenza virus. background: Studied on a 28 series compound and came with the most potent drug towards Influenza Objective: Thiazolidine derivatives have been synthesized and explored previously, and further compounds have been designed on the basis of leading compounds. This research aimed to validate those previously synthesized compounds and a new series of compounds. objective: To make the most potent drug with enhanced biological activity. Methodology: A series of 28 compounds of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives were studied and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the neuraminidase (NA) of the influenza A virus. Twenty-eight compounds were differentiated into a training set of 21 compounds and a test set of 07 compounds. method: A series of 28 compounds of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives was studied and evaluated for their ability to inhibit neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A virus. Compound was drawn on ChemSketch and further evaluated. Results: The validated compounds demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against influenza A neuraminidase. The most potent compound was acetaminophen mercapturate (C13H16N2O5S) (MW: 312.34). S-(5-acetamido-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine is an S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine in which the S-substituent is specified as 5-acetamido-2-hydroxyphenyl. It acts as a drug metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, and a rat metabolite. It is a member of acetamides, an organic sulphide, a member of phenols and an S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine. It derives from “paracetamol”. result: The most potent compound is Acetaminophen mercapturate (C13H16N2O5S) (MW: 312.34) S-(5-acetamido-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine is an S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine in which the S-substituent is specified as 5-acetamido-2-hydroxyphenyl. Conclusion: Validation of inhibitory activity of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel influenza NA shows drug discovery of a more potent and reliable drug for the influenza virus. conclusion: All the studies and evaluation carried out in this paper is only to get the most potent compound or drug with enhanced biological activity. other: As to it, 10 predicted compounds also being proposed in the given paper

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