BackgroundProlonged wound healing is a complication of diabetes that contributes to mortality. Impaired wound healing occurs as a consequence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Whey protein (WP) is able to reduce the oxygen radicals and increase the levels of the antioxidant glutathione. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with WP could enhance normal inflammatory responses during wound healing in diabetic rats. Animals were assigned into a wounded control group (WN), a wounded diabetic group (WD) and a wounded diabetic group orally supplemented with whey protein (WDWP) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight.ResultsWhey protein was found to significantly decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and ROS. A significant restoration of the glutathione level was observed in WDWP rats. During the early wound healing stage, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and neutrophil infiltration were significantly decreased in WD mice. WP supplementation was found to restore the levels of these inflammatory markers to the levels observed in control animals. In addition, the time required for wound healing was significantly prolonged in diabetic rats. WP was found to significantly decrease the time required for wound healing in WDWP rats.ConclusionIn conclusion, dietary supplementation with WP enhances the normal inflammatory responses during wound healing in diabetic mice by restoring the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.

Background: Lepidium sativum (LS) is a very potent and often used as anti-cancer is largely limited due to the dose-related toxic effects. The present study investigated the protective role of LS that can reduce the liver injury induced by LPS.Methods: Forty white male mice were randomly divided into five groups: the vehicle control group, LPS group, LPS plus LS group, LS pretreated plus LPS group and LS + LPS + LS group. Mice were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48h. Blood and liver samples were collected for the experimental investigations. Biochemical analysis, histopathological studies and molecular investigation carried out for different groups used. Result: Biochemical analysis for serum AST, ALT, LDL and HDL levels were determined to evaluate liver status. Oxidative stress of liver examined through determination of oxidative enzymes. Furthermore, proinflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were investigated. Histopathological liver sections were examined to show the alterations due to LPS injection. Biochemical analysis showed a significant modulatory effect of LS on the LPS challenged mice. Histopathological studies showed that LPS caused liver alterations, such as necrosis, infiltrations of neutrophils, sinusoid congestion and hepatocellular degeneration in the liver. These histopathological modulations were significant by LS pretreatment. These findings indicate that LS has a significant hepatoprotective effect on LPS-induced liver injury in mice model.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used against gram-negative bacterial infections. In the face of antibiotics, gentamicin also has a toxic effect on kidney. This study investigated the protective role of lycopene against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Results of this works found that lycopene has a great protective effect on the oxidative status of the kidney challenged with gentamicin and significantly ameliorated (P £ 0.05) the level of oxidative markers MDA, GPx and SOD in kidney cells. Kidney function markers (serum urea and creatinine) were ameliorated by using lycopene in comparison with mice challenged by gentamicin. Results of this work showed that lycopene decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-á) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). mRNA expression rate of different investigated cytokine markers were modified significantly (P £ 0.05) in lycopene treated group. Serum glucose also adjusted significantly using lycopene. Oxidative stress results were confirmed by histopathological investigations those showed a protective effect of lycopene of kidney tubules.

Results of this study revealed that garlic could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatocellular injury.

Pollution of aquatic environment is a great concern worldwide. The teleostean kidney is one of the first organ to be affected by contaminants in water. The aim of this study is to assess histological changes of Oreochromis niloticus kidney collected from spring canals in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. We report histological alterations in the kidney tissue of fish collected from three sites, namely Al-Jawhariya (site #1), Um-Sabah (site #2) and Al-Khadoud spring (site #3). The histopathological studies revealed relative differences in the severity of organ lesions among the three sites. The overall results showed that kidney architecture of fish samples was markedly disrupted. The major symptoms were dilation of the glomerular capillaries, reduction of Bowman's space, degeneration of tubular epithelium, tubule cast deposition, and accumulation of pigmented macrophages (i.e., melanomacrophages). The histological damage in the kidney of O. niloticus is an evidence of the poor environmental quality of these spring canals. It appears that these wetland areas are still threatened by human activities and environmental degradation.