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Background: Calendula arvensis is an annual Mediterranean plant growing in Morocco between Rabat and Khemissat. C. arvensisis is known in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic remedy. However, few reports have investigated its pharmacological properties. Methods: The objective of the present study was to determine chemical composition of C. arvensis flowers, and to investigate their antidiabetic activities by mean of digestive enzyme inhibition. The profile of phenolic compounds was established by HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS analysis. While the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by the in vitro enzyme inhibition assays. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins as major elements. Whereas, alkaloids and terpenes were not detected in the plant samples. The chromatographic quantification identified 18 metabolites, with the caffeic acid as a major element. C. arvensis aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited higher inhibitory potential against α-amylase, α- glucosidase and ß-galactosidase compared to the hexanic extract. Conclusion: The present study brings evidence to the hypoglycemic effect of C. arvensis flowers through enzyme inhibitory activities, and identifies the possible phenolic compounds associated with this activity.

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Objectives: This study compares the efficacy of stem cell transplantation in corneal regeneration and restoration of the limbic deficit in an experimental chemical burn in rabbits. Methods: Biopsy was performed of the limbus and the chemical burns for all rabbits, and we collected the amniotic membranes from a pregnant female rabbit. We kept a control group without transplantation, to study spontaneous and natural healing, and we transplanted the stem cells produced in vitro under the corneal epithelium burned. To compare the result, we tested a group for amniotic stem cell transplantation, a group for limbal stem cell graft, and another group for combined transplantation of both types of stem cells. Results: Transplanted rabbits develop permanent unilateral blindness due to a severe limbic deficit. The group receiving only amniotic stem cells shows temporary anatomical improvement without functional recovery. The two groups receiving limbal stem cells alone or combined with amniotic stem cells showed anatomical and functional satisfaction with quick recovery time for the combined transplantation. Conclusions: A simple chemical burn can establish permanent blindness. When the limbic deficit is important, spontaneous healing is not available. Transplantation of stem cell transplant is the only way to repair this deficit and regenerate the cornea. Only limbic stem cells can be sufficient. Amniotic stem cells can support and speed up the healing time when it combined to limbal stem cells graft.  Peer Review History: Received 23 July 2020; Revised 14 August; Accepted 28 August, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Mohamed Amin El-Emam Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria, Egypt. E-mail: mohamed.elemam@pua.edu.eg   Name: Francesco Ferrara Affiliation: USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy E-mail: francesco.ferrara@uslumbria1.it   Name: Maged Almezgagi Affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai Xining 810001, China E-mail: 1902244017@qq.com   Name: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah Affiliation: University of Basrah, Iraq E-mail: asiaselman2016@gmail.com   Comments of reviewer(s):

Asphodelus microcarpus (A.m.) est une plante largement utilisée en médecine traditionnelle marocaine pour ses propriétés médicinales qui restent variées et générales. Une extraction des principes actifs contenus dans les feuilles d’A.m. a été réalisée par macération à froid au méthanol. L’extrait obtenu a fait l’objet d’une étude in vitro de cytotoxicité qui a révélé un effet cytotoxique sur un modèle de cellules myéloïdes d’origine humaine (IC50 = 7,81 μg/ml). Par ailleurs, l’évaluation de l’extrait quant à son activité antioxydante par la méthode du réactif DPPH s’est révélée positive (IC50 = 310 μg/ml), et l’étude de sa toxicité aiguë in vivo sur un modèle animal (souris Swiss) lui confère une totale innocuité (DL50 > 5 000 mg/kg). Ces études ont été complétées par un criblage phytochimique afin de mettre en évidence les familles de métabolites secondaires majoritaires identifiées ici comme des anthracénosides, tannins et phénols ; les alcaloïdes sont peu présents. Ainsi, la faible toxicité in vivo et l’éventuel pouvoir antiprolifératif de l’extrait fixe d’A.m. in vitro justifieraient son évaluation future sur différents modèles tumoraux.