The gasification of green algae Chlorella vulgaris in air was investigated using both a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a bench scale horizontal axis quartz tube reactor (HQR). The full range of solid state kinetic models produced best fits with TGA results varied for the five subzones of conversion vs temperature, with the nucleation and nuclei growth “A2” followed by “A3” or contracting volume models producing close matches for T ≤ 367 °C, a zero-order model between 358 and 468 °C, and contracting surface models for T ≥ 458 °C; each model yielding their set of apparent activation energy (E < 41 kJ mol–1) and pre-exponential factors (A > 0.04 s–1) corresponding to rate constants in the range 0.001–0.005 s–1. The HQR was used to investigate the effects of microalgal biomass loading, temperature, and equivalence ratio (ER) on C n H m /CO/H2 gas yield and composition, carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), and lower heating value (LHV) of syngas under air gasification conditions. Increasing microalgal biomass loading from 1 to 2 g led to a decrease in H2 content (24.2–19.5 vol %) in the gases. An optimal temperature of 950 °C resulted in the highest H2, CO, and CH4 yields at 2.9, 22.8, and 10.1 wt % of biomass from a maximum gas yield of 76.1 wt %, and highest H2/CO ratio (1.75) and CCE of 56.3%. The effect of ER was measured in two phases 0.1–0.26 and 0.26–35, respectively. During the first phase, the positive effect of ER played a major part compared to second phase, so the H2 content, H2 yield, CCE, and LHV were increased.

Conventional gasification of sugarcane bagasse was investigated.  Central composite design was adopted to determine the parametric effect on syngas.  Higher temperatures and reaction time favored H 2 yield and reduction of tar and char.  H 2 fraction peaked at 36.91 g-H 2 kg-biomass-1 at 3g of SB loading, 900℃ for 30min.

Speed control of marine ships is one of the leading problems in terms of safety and economy. This research aims at designing a fuzzy logic-based speed controller for a marine ship. The dynamic model of container ship is considered. Fuzzy logic-based approach is employed to control the variations and to maintain the controller performance under the ideal conditions as well as during rough weather. MATLAB is used for simulation. The results show that the proposed controller has enhanced control performance compared to conventional controllers, efficiently confine the influence of the environmental disturbance, ensure perfectly control, and have good robustness.