Background Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top 10 causes of death worldwide and there are estimated 10.4 million new (incident) patients, of which about one fourth are in India. There has been calls for rigorous investigations and interventions that may address other factors known to have effect on adherence of treatment like Depression but the amount of research into comorbidity is surprisingly low. The aim of the study was to assess magnitude and impact of depression among TB patients and determine the treatment outcomes of TB in District Srinagar. Methods In this prospective study the adults with newly diagnosed TB were recruited within one month of initiating treatment and were followed upto the end of treatment. Data collection was done at three time-points: baseline, after 2 months and after 6 months of treatment initiation. The sample size of 200 was calculated using OpenEpi, V3 and identified 202 TB patients were interviewed in their local language and PHQ-9 scale was used to measure Depression. Results The prevalence of Depression at baseline was 50.5% with CI (43.7%-57.3%). After two months of treatment the prevalence reduced to 9.4% with CI (5.9%-14.0%) and at the end of treatment to 2.5% with CI (0.91%-5.4%). Association between Depression in TB patients and treatment failure was found to be small to medium as revealed by Cramer’s V test (0.29–0.59). Binary logistic regression estimated that at baseline TB patients with Depression were at 4.46 times at more risk of treatment failure than patients without Depression and those patients who continued Depression even after intensive phase were 34.5 times at higher risk. Conclusion Our findings indicate Depression is associated with poor treatment outcome in these patients, despite TB treatment. TB treatment strategies should consider screening and managing the psychologically distressed individuals among TB patients.

The present paper reports a study that aimed to explore secondary school (SS) English language (EL) teachers’ present practices of and perceived needs for continuing professional development (CPD) in Bangladesh. In 21st century worldwide educational settings, ‘change’ is the only constant trend. Consequently, EL teachers need to be continuously updated in their professional knowledge base and skills. They must be engaged in effective CPDs to keep abreast of innovations in language learning and teaching for their own career development and better learning outcomes for learners. Using a semi-structured questionnaire qualitative data was collected from 10 secondary EL teachers. The findings show that overall scenario of SS EL teachers’ CPD is not encouraging. The paper also discusses some implications for teachers’ professional learning.Journal of NELTA, Vol 22 No. 1-2, December 2017, Page: 1-12

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This article discusses about the forced marriage in Sidosermo Dalam Surabaya to be analyzed by Islamic law. This research is field research and is qualitative in nature. Data were collected through interviews and documentation, then analyzed deductively. The forced marriage still occurs in Sidosermo Dalam Surabaya. Marriage was motivated by several reasons: the factor of parents' concern for their child, the factor of family relations, the existence of myths, the existence of Syafii's understanding of fiqh that allows the forced marriage, and economic factors. The forced marriage can occur in girls and boys even though they are adults. In Islamic law, all schools of thought think that the permissible marriage permit is for girls who are not yet mature, while for those who are adults or who are widows there is a dispute between the imam of the mazhab. In the KHI, the forced marriage should not occur because the marriage can be carried out with the consent of the two prospective brides.

Buschke Lowenstein tumour or giant condyloma acuminata is a rare entity with only less then 50 cases reported in English literature so far. No such case has been reported from the Kashmir valley. They are considered as intermediate lesions between simple condyloma acuminata and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A 57-year-old heterosexual male presented with a giant perianal condyloma. The lesion was surgically excised completely. Postoperatively patient was put on topical 5-FU ointment. Patient is recurrance free 6 months after surgery. The giant condyloma acuminate is an aggressive tumour with propensity for recurrance and malignant transformation. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. One such rare case is discussed with review of literature.