In Pakistan, the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with a shorter treatment regimen (STR), that is, 4–6 months of amikacin, moxifloxacin (Mfx), ethionamide, clofazimine (Cfz), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), and high-dose isoniazid, followed by 5 months of Mfx, Cfz, Z, and E, was initiated in 2018. However, there is a lack of information about its effectiveness in Pakistani healthcare settings. Therefore, this retrospective record review of MDR-TB patients treated with STR at eight treatment sites in Pakistan aimed to fill this gap. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23. Multivariate binary logistic regression (MVBLR) analysis was conducted to find factors associated with death and treatment failure, and lost to follow-up (LTFU). A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of 912 MDR-TB patients enrolled at the study sites, only 313 (34.3%) eligible patients were treated with STR and included in the current study. Of them, a total of 250 (79.9%) were cured, 12 (3.8%) completed treated, 31 (9.9%) died, 16 (5.1%) were LTFU, and four (1.3%) were declared as treatment failures. The overall treatment success rate was 83.7%. In MVBLR analysis, patients’ age of 41–60 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9, P-value = 0.020) and > 60 years (OR = 3.6, P-value = 0.035), being underweight (OR = 2.7, P-value = 0.042), and previous TB treatment (OR = 0.4, P-value = 0.042) had statistically significant association with death and treatment failure, whereas patients’ age of > 60 years (OR = 5.4, P-value = 0.040) and previous TB treatment (OR = 0.2, P-value = 0.008) had statistically significant association with LTFU. The treatment success rate of STR was encouraging. However, to further improve the treatment outcomes, special attention should be paid to the patients with identified risk factors.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) named by the WHO as a result of the global public health emergency. COVID-19 is caused by a new coronavirus named as novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV). From the first case reported in December 2019 it is now a pandemic situation and a major public health emergency. The COVID-19 transmission rate is very high, infecting two to three persons on average with contact to an already infected person. There is a need for the health system, specially in developing countries such as in Pakistan, to combat such a novel disease by rapid, accurate, and high quality diagnostic testing in order to screen suspected cases and also surveillance of the disease. A rapid, accurate and low-cost diagnostic point-of-care device is needed for timely diagnosis of COVID-19 and is essential to combat such outbreaks for compelling preventive measures against the disease spread. This review is to highlight the importance of point-of-care diagnostics device for robust and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 in physician offices and other urgent healthcare-type settings and encourage academics and stake holders towards advancement in order to control outbreaks and develop the public health surveillance system.

This paper contributes a lot to the establishment of education in student learning, especially in improving students' active thinking ability. This is due to the lack of qualified sources of educators and hali is focused on educators, because the ability to manage the class become one of the characteristics of a professional teacher. Professional teachers not only have the ability to manage the class well but also skilled in organizing learners to always play an active role and able to improve achievement in learning. The main task of the teacher is to create an atmosphere in the classroom so that the interaction of teaching and learning can motivate the students to learn well and earnestly. For this reason the teacher should have the ability to do good teaching and learning interactions. One capability that is very important is the ability to manage classes. Teachers with all their abilities, students with all backgrounds and individual traits, curriculum with all its components, and materials and learning resources with all its subjects meet and chime and interact in the classroom. In fact, activities that occur in the classroom determine the outcome of an education and learning. Therefore, good classroom management is needed, effective and efficient for teaching and learning activities to run well and educational objectives can be achieved.

This paper presents the Smart Parenting Democratic in Building the Character of the Child. The character that is embedded in a child is strongly influenced by the role of the parent, in which the parent becomes the first person in terms of planting moral, religious, social and other values. Related parenting methods of parenting, there are various types that can be used such as authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, and democratic parenting. Therefore, to be a smart parent is very necessary to always develop a method of care that is considered good to be applied to his children. Democratic parenting is one of the most effective parenting styles compared to other parenting styles.

This study aims to determine the significance of differences in the lecture process before and after implementing Team Teaching-Hybrid Learning (TTHL). This research was conducted at Nurul Jadid University Paiton Probolinggo and IAI Ibrahimy Genteng Banyuwangi. The study population was all third-semester students of Nurul Jadid University Paiton Probolinggo and IAI Ibrahimy Genteng Banyuwangi with education statistics courses. The research sample was purposive sampling technique. Quantitative research using the quasiexperimental method uses non-equivalent control group design with the TTHL pre-test and post-test treatment. Instrument data collection in the form of observations, closed questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing include Manova test and t-test. Testing the hypothesis prerequisites using the normality test (Column of Smirnov) and homogeneity test (Box's Manova). The results showed that from multivariate testing with Sig. (p) 0.000 < 0.05 which means the first hypothesis (H1) is accepted. TTHL is also proven to be effective in improving learning outcomes as evidenced by the comparison of the mean values of increase (significance) of the experimental class and the control class which have a difference in the value of 14.57 with the advantages of the experimental group (24.26: 9.69). In addition, the results of the hypothesis test obtained the Sig. (p) equal to 0.017 < 0.05 which means the second hypothesis (H1) is accepted.