The current research was constructed to throw the light on the protective possibility of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) versus lead acetate-prompted testicular dysfunction in male rats. Forty rats were classi ed into four groups; i) control, ii) rats received Lead acetate (30 mg/kg bw), iii) rats were concomitantly received Lead acetate and C. vulgaris (300 mg/Kg bw), vi) rats were simultaneously treated with Lead acetate and S. platensis (300 mg/Kg bw) via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Lead acetate promoted testicular injury as expressed with fall in reproductive organ weights, and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Spermatogenesis disruption is indicated by Sperm cell count reduction, and increased sperm malformation percentage. Steroidogenesis deterioration is evoked by minimized serum testosterone along with maximized follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Testicular oxidative, in ammatory, and apoptotic cascades are revealed by elevated Acid phosphatase (ACP) and Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH) serum leakage, declined testicular total antioxidative capacity (TAC) with elevated total oxidative capacity (TOC), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Caspase-3 levels, lessened androgen receptor (AR) expression, and histopathological lesions versus control. Our research highlights that C. vulgaris or S. platensis therapy can modulate lead acetate-promoted testicular dysfunction via antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic potentials promoted testicular histoarchitecture, and androgen receptor restoration with better impacts to S. platensis comparing to C. vulgaris.

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The aim was to study the influence of albumin supplementation on the changes of the kidney function and structure in cirrhotic rats induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). Twenty-four male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into Group I: 6 rats underwent laparotomy alone, and the bile duct was only dissected from the surrounding tissue; Group II: 6 rats underwent a sham operation and received 2% albumin in their drinking water; Group III: 6 rats were subjected to bile duct ligation only; and Group IV: 6 rats were subjected to bile duct ligation and received a daily albumin 2% in drinking water. All rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks. We measured the liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress markers in the renal tissue and conducted a histological evaluation of the liver and kidney. The liver enzymes were decreased, but there was no significant difference in the bilirubin levels in group IV compared to group III. There was a significant elevation of serum creatinine in group III compared to group II, and serum creatinine was attenuated in group IV. The renal tissue catalase activity and reduced glutathione, as well as the nitric oxide levels, were significantly increased in group IV and were elevated in group III. Histologically, the livers of group IV showed degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration with regeneration areas in which normal hepatocytes appeared. The kidneys of group IV showed recovery as well as areas of inflammatory cell infiltration. Some tubules appeared with normal epithelial lining. In conclusion, the results suggest that albumin partially improves the renal functions and structures after their disturbances as a result of BDL.

We determined the cardioprotective impact of ethanolic flaxseed seeds extract through an assessment of its immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic characteristics in rats fed with an atherogenic diet. Group 1 fed on the standard diet. Groups 2 and 3 fed on an atherogenic diet (AD) for 12 weeks. Groups 3 and 4 daily supplemented with ethanolic extract of flaxseed seeds (EEFS) 400mg/kg b.w starting from 7 th week till the end of 12 th week. AD-fed rats had increased serum lipids, CRI-I, CRI-II, cardiac enzymes, and pro-inflammatory markers. Compared to the ADfed group, EEFS supplementation influenced hypo-lipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-atherogenic characteristics after AD-feeding. EEFS displayed antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo. Chromatographic analysis of EEFS demonstrated the presence of phenolic, flavonoid compounds, and vitamin C. The data concludes a safe application of EEFS in atherogenesis-induced cardiac disease management.