Pasar Sanggeng, pasar Wosi, pelabuhan, PLTD (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Disel), perhotelan dan pemukiman penduduk yang terletak di pesisir Teluk Doreri Kota Manokwari, menjadi salah satu pusat aktivitas yang melayani kebutuhan masyarakat. Akibat adanya aktivitas yang tinggi tersebut menyebabkan pembungan sampah-sampah organik dan anorganik tidak terawasi atau terkontrol dengan baik. Kondisi ini berlangsung secara terus menerus setiap hari sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadi degradasi kualitas perairan. Tujuan Penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui status kualitas perairan di Teluk Doreri Kabupaten Manokwari. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Agustus tahun 2016 bertempat di Laboratorium Kelautan, Ilmu Kelautan Unipa dan Laboratorium Prolink IPB Bogor. Lokasi pengambilan sampel air di sekitar perairan Sawaibu, Wosi, Andai, Sowi dan Perairan Maruni. Data parameter yang diambil melalui pengukuran langsung dan tidak langsung. Pengukuran secara langsung meliputi parameter salinitas, pH, suhu dan oksigen terlarut. Sedangkan pengukuran tidak langsung dengan cara mengambil sampel air. Pengambilan sampel air digunakan untuk penentuan parameter kekeruhan, nitrat, fosfat dan logam berat. Sampel air tersebut langsung dimasukan dalam botol polyetelin dan dikirim ke Prolink IPB Bogor untuk dianalisis. Pengukuran mengacu pada Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 1998). Hasil penelitian dari lima lokasi di perairan Teluk Doreri berkisar antara 0,17 – 6,16 NTU untuk kekeruhan, 4,64 – 5,04 untuk pH, 5,1 -6 mg/L untuk oksigen terlarut, 30 – 33 ‰ untuk salinitas, 29, 8 – 30,6 oC untuk suhu air, 0,1 -0,8 mg/L untuk nitrat dan fosfat berkisar 0,08 – 0,16 mg/L. Hasil logam berat cadmium (Cd) menunjukan potensi toksik yang tinggi bagi biota perairan di Teluk Doreri. Parameter logam berat cadmium, nitrat dan fosfat sangat mengkuatirkan serta dapat menyebabkan gangguan terhadap lingkungan khususnya bagi biota perairan. Parameter – parameter tersebut telah melampaui baku mutu yang ditetapkan kementerian lingkungan hidup no 51 tahun 2004.WATER QUALITY IN THE DORERI BAY DISTRICT MANOKWARI. Traditional markets (Pasar Sanggeng and Wosi), port, PLTD (Power Plant), hotels and residential areas are located in the cost of Doreri bay in Manokwari district. Activities in those areas create organic and inorganic wastes that have been used the Doreri bay as a water dump. The waste has been dumped since long time ago and continue up to nowadays. That cause water quality degradation of Doreri bay. The research objective was to determine the status of water quality in Doreri Bay, Manokwari Regency. The water quality study has been carried out in August 2016 in Marine laboratory of UNIPA and Prolink laboratory in IPB. Water samples collected from Sawaibu, Wosi, Andai, Sowi and Maruni beach. Data were divided base on the data collection which is directly and indirectly collected. Water salinity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen are direct data collection. Turbidity, nitrate, phosphate and heavy metals are indirect data collection that has been analyzed in Prolink IPB. The water has been analyses by using Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 1998). The results show that turbidity of five areas range from 0.17 to 6.16 NTU, pH range from 4.64 to 5.04, dissolved oxygen between 5.1 -6 mg/L, water salinity range from 30-33%, water temperature between 29, 8 - 30.6 oC, 0.1 -0.8 mg/L for nitrate and phosphate between 0.08 - 0.16 mg/L. Heavy metal (cadmium) showed high potential toxic risk on the biota of Doreri bay. Cadmium, nitrate, and phosphate are a heavy metal that categorized as concerned pollutant to the Dorery bay. Those heavy metal have been exceeded the water quality standard base on Ministry of environment number 51-2004.
Abstract. Manangkalangi E, Sembel L, Tebaiy S, Manuputty A, Rumayomi MR, Musyeri P, Sawaki D, Orissu D, Manumpil AW, Kaber Y. 2022. Evaluation of seagrass beds as a foraging and nursery habitat based on the structure of the fish community in Nusmapi Island, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5539-5550. Seagrass beds are one of the ecosystems inhabited by various coastal aquatic fauna, including fish. However, information on the temporal role of this ecosystem for fish fauna, particularly diurnal and nocturnal, is still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe daily variations in the fish species composition, their ecological index, developmental stages, and trophic groups in a seagrass bed on Nusmapi Isl., Manokwari. The species composition differed between day and night sampling periods based on the results obtained from 40 species of fish belonging to 21 families and 7 orders. Furthermore, fish species consisted of three trophic groups (omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores), with omnivores and carnivores dominating during the day and at night by 48.6% and 87.5%, respectively. Species found in seagrass beds majorly consisted of juvenile stage individuals (65.9%). Individual abundance varied from day to night and was mainly found among group-forming species, such as S. spinus, S. trilineata, S. punctatissimum, and M. pralinia. The index of diversity, evenness, and dominance at the two relatively similar sampling times described the overall stability of fish communities in seagrass beds. The results indicate that seagrass beds serve as foraging and nursery grounds for many fish species in coastal waters. In addition, the management and protection of fish biodiversity and coastal fishery resources are affected by the ecosystem function.
Mangrove ecosystem is an important ecosystem in coastal areas which is a habitat for various types of organisms. The existence of mangrove ecosystems in nature is strongly influenced by the availability of mangrove seedlings and seedlings because they are closely related to the secondary succession process in natural habitats. This research was conducted to analyze the potential for regeneration of mangrove seedlings in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua. Data collection on the potential for regeneration of mangrove seedlings was carried out using the belt transect method. Analysis of species composition and structure of mangrove vegetation at the seedling level used analysis of species density, relative density, species frequency, relative frequency, and important value index. A total of seven mangrove species were found in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency, consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops Tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora Stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemoza. The highest species density and relative density values were found in Bruguiera gymnorrizha and Cerops tagal, while the lowest was Rhizophora mucronata and Lumnitzera racemoza. The highest value of species frequency and relative frequency was Bruguiera gymnorrizha, while the lowest was Rhizophora mucronata. The highest Importance Value Index (INP) of mangrove seedlings was found in Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrizha, while Rhizophora mucronata had the lowest INP compared to other species.Keywords: Mangrove Ecosystem; Mangrove Regeneration; Important Value Index AbstrakEkosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem penting di wilayah pesisir yang menjadi habitat bagi berbagai jenis organisme. Keberadaan ekosistem mangrove dialam sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan anakan dan semai mangrove, karena sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses suksesi sekunder pada habitat alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis potensi regenerasi semai mangrove di Pesisir Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor Papua. Pengumpulan data potensi regenerasi semai mangrove dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode belt transek. Analisis komposisi jenis dan struktur vegetasi mangrove tingkat semai menggunakan analisis kerapatan jenis, kerapatan relatif, frekuensi jenis, frekuensi relatif, dan indeks nilai penting. Total tujuh jenis mangrove ditemukan di Pesisir Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor yang terdiri atas jenis Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops Tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora Stylosa, dan Lumnitzera racemoza. Nilai kerapatan jenis dan kerapatan relatif tertinggi ditemukan pada jenis Bruguiera gymnorrizha dan Cerops tagal, sedangkan terrendah adalah jenis Rhizophora mucronata dan Lumnitzera racemoza. Nilai frekuensi jenis dan frekuensi relatif tertinggi adalah jenis Bruguiera gymnorrizha sedangkan yang terendah adalah jenis Rhizophora mucronata. Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) semai mangrove tertinggi ditemukan pada jenis Ceriops tagal dan Bruguiera gymnorrizha sedangkan jenis Rhizophora mucronata memiliki INP terrendah dibanding jenis lainnya.Kata kunci: Ekosistem Mangrove; Regenerasi Mangrove; Indeks Nilai Penting
Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Efektivitas Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bunaken The important values of Bunaken National Park were gathered through interviews with80 respondents in order to obtain local people’s opinion of the marine park. Results showed that the most important value was coral reefs,holding 68.75% of the respondents’ opinion. Moreover, they put the environmental characteristics, such as fish, biodiversity, and mangrove, as major values of Bunaken National Park. Many respondents mentioned the economic values in relation with tourism business. As many as 11.25% of the respondents claimed that the presence of management and its programs was main value of the marine park. The respondents’ opinion concerning the threat on the major values of Bunaken National Parkfound that nearly all respondents mentioned several deleterious behaviors that could directly demolish natural environmental values, such as fish blasting, fish poisoning, pollution and illegal mangrove cutting. Illegal entry of the zonation and excessive exploitation from commercial fishing operations or fish netting, and low awareness were also found. In addition, 8.75% of the respondents claimed that economic or poverty issues were major threats on Bunaken National Parkvalues, and 5% thought that government policy was the serious threat.This study revealed that Bunaken National Park has been effectively managed. It is indicated by a good patrol system and better social economic condition of the communities living inside the park.Hasil penelitian menunjukkantentang pandangan masyarakat lokal terhadap nilai-nilai penting Taman Nasional Bunaken, yang dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap 80 responden untuk mendapatkan daftar apa saja yang menurut mereka nilai-nilai paling penting dari Taman Nasional Bunaken. Nilai terpenting menurut responden adalah terumbu karang (68,75%). Selanjutnya, responden menempatkan karakteristik lingkungan, seperti ikan, keragaman biologis, dan mangrove, merupakan nilai utama dari Taman Nasional Bunaken. Banyak responden juga menyebutkan nilai-nilai ekonomis yang dihubungkan dengan bisnis pariwisata. Sebanyak 11.25% responden berkomentar, bahwa adanya pengelolaan dan program-programnya merupakan nilai-nilai utama dari Taman Nasional Bunaken. Hasil wawancara tentang pandangan responden mengenai ancaman-ancaman terhadap nilai-nilai utama Taman Nasional Bunaken menunjukkan, bahwa hampir semua responden menyebutkan beberapa tingkah laku yang merusak yang secara langsung menghancurkan nilai-nilai lingkungan alami, misalnya bom ikan, racun ikan, polusi, dan penebangan mangrove secara ilegal. Pelanggaran zonasi dan eksploitasi berlebihan melalui operasi-operasi komersil atau penangkapan ikan dengan jaring, kurangnya kesadaran juga disebutkan. Sebanyak 8.75% responden mengatakan, bahwa isu ekonomi atau kemiskinan merupakan ancaman utama terhadap nilai-nilai Taman Nasional Bunaken; dan 5% responden yang mengatakan, bahwa kebijakan pemerintah merupakan ancaman serius. Penelitian ini mendapati, bahwa Taman Nasional Bunaken telah dikelola secara efektif. Hal ini diindikasikan dengan adanya suatu sistem patroli yang berjalan dengan baik dan peningkatan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken.
Pasang surut atau dikenal dengan istilah ocean tide merupakan fenomena naik turunnya air laut secara berkala yang diakibatkan oleh adanya kombinasi gaya gravitasi dan gaya tarik menarik dari benda-benda astronomi terutama oleh Matahari, Bumi dan Bulan. Tujua dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pola dan tipe pasut, karakteristik pasut dan tinggi muka laut rata-rata Perairan Biak menggunakan metode Least Square. Dengan menggunakan data pasut yang diperoleh dari BIG. Hasil analisa mendapatkan pola dan tipe pasut yang terbentuk pada Perairan Biak yaitu pola asimetris dengan tipe campuran condong harian ganda (mixed tide prevailing semi diurnal). Nilai bilangan formzahl pada Perairan Biak yaitu sebesar 0,44 (tahun 2010 dan 2015) dan 0,45 pada (tahun 2020). Nilai rata-rata muka air laut tinggi tertinggi (MHHWS) berkisar antara 2,12-2,30 m pada saat pasang purnama (Spring Tide). Nilai rata-rata pasang tertinggi selama rentang pasang perbani (Neap Tide) (MHHWN) berkisar antara 1,45 – 1,88 m. Hasil analisa karakteristik pasut Perairan Biak diperoleh nilai chart datum yang nilai MHWL berkisar antara 2,61 – 2,82 m. Kemudian diperoleh nilai HHWL pada saat pasang surut purnama (Spring Tide) berkisar antara 2,92 – 3,22 m dengan penurunan sebesar 0,30 cm.
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