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In this paper, we investigate energy efficiency (EE) maximization in multicell multicarrier non-orthogonal multiple access (MCMC-NOMA) networks with hardware impairments (HIs). We formulate the optimization problem as a mixed integer nonlinear NP-hard problem, which is difficult to solve efficiently. To solve this problem, we decompose it into two subproblems. The first subproblem is the user and base station (BS) association and subchannel assignment problem, where binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA) is proposed to handle it. For the second subproblem of the non-convex power allocation problem, successive pseudo-convex approximation (SPCA) is employed to establish the problem's pseudoconvexity. The approximate problem is separable into a sequence of equivalent problems that can be easier to solve. Each problem of the obtained sequence has a stationary point solution and is guaranteed to converge. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a performance comparable to that of the successive lower bound maximization (SLBM) algorithm and outperforms both fractional transmit power allocation (FTPA) benchmark for NOMA and the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA). INDEX TERMS Binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), energy efficiency (EE), hardware impairments (HIs), multi-cell multi-carrier (MCMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA).

In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency (EE) maximization in multi-cell multi-carrier non-orthogonal multiple access (MCMC-NOMA) networks. To achieve this goal, an optimization problem is formulated then the solution is divided into two parts. First, we investigate the inter-cell interference mitigation and then we propose an auction-based non-cooperative game for power allocation for base stations. Finally, to guarantee the rate requirements for users, power is allocated fairly to users. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has the best performance compared with the existing NOMA-based fractional transmit power allocation (FTPA) and the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA).

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This paper presents a generalized approach to the performance analysis of relay-aided communication systems for 5G-and-beyond scenarios. A dual-hop decoding and forwarding scheme is considered in the analysis. The relationship between the outage performance and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is exploited to derive a universal expression of the outage probability that is valid for all fading scenarios, irrespective of their nature or complexity. Furthermore, an effort is made to parameterize the channel PDF in such a manner that reflects a practical fading scenario that is commonly encountered in current and future wireless communication systems. The analytical results obtained for various cases are validated through Monte-Carlo simulations.