The discourse of terrorism is a global issue but tends to be interpreted as controversial. This study sought to dismantle the controversy of meanings through the analysis of signs and meanings, with a view to explore and demonstrate the wave of democratization that took place in post-reform era in Indonesia. This study was a case study using readers' responses to terrorism issues provided by cyber media on the Internet. It also rests primarily on the semiotic theory of Peirce and the concept of democratization of Huntington. The results showed that participation, freedom of expression, and equal power relations occurred in the interactive discourse in the cyber news media in the form of a dialogue between the responders, the media, and the debate among the responders. Responders tended to argue that signs and meanings are constructed by the media and to interpret information about terrorism as "political engineering" which was expressed by means of emotive tone. Meanwhile, the media tended to construct a "political imagery" which was expressed in a confrontational way, and the resources tended to understand it as "noise level of political elite ", which was expressed in a persuasive manner. Such differences occurred due to the factors of media context that tended to be "convivial" and the context of the communication situation on the Internet that tends to show "discretion". Based on these findings, this study concluded that interactive discourse in the Internet can be formulated as a democratic forum as the meaning making of the text is no longer dominated by media and the sources of information, but tend to be shared with the public. However, in terms of discourse process, interactive discourse in cyber media tends to be anarchic because the tone of interaction tends to be little, the relationship patterns tend to center on and be dominated by responders, the identities of responders tend to be anonymous, and linguistic expressions of the responders tend to be emotive.
AbstrakDalam dekade terakhir, kajian tentang relasi bahasa, media, dan teknologi komunikasi telah menjadi kajian lintas disiplin yang menarik perhatian para ahli dari berbagai disiplin ilmu. Lebih khusus, dalam kaitannya dengan kajian wacana di Internet, penggunaan bahasa di Internet dipandang sebagai pertanda lahirnya "new genre" sekaligus sebagai the state of the art dalam kajian wacana, yang dikenal sebagai kajian computer mediated discourse analysis (CMDA). Dalam konteks perkembangan itu, kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk merumuskan model analisis relasi bahasa dan Internet berbasis CMDA. Pertanyaannya, "sejauh mana paradigma CMDA dapat dirumuskan sebagai model pengembangan analisis relasi bahasa dan Internet. Kajian ini menemukan, bahwa ragam bahasa di Internet tidak sepenuhnya menunjukkan ciri-ciri ragam tulis, akan tetapi cenderung menunjukkan ciri-ciri "ragam lisan yang dituliskan". Di samping itu, ditemukan pula, bahwa konteks media dan konteks situasi komunikasi tampak berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam menentukan makna suatu tuturan di Internet. Dengan demikian, paradigma CMDA dalam kajian wacana di Internet tampak relevan digunakan, terutama untuk mengindentifikasi ragam bahasa dan makna tuturan di Internet.Kata kunci: konteks media; konteks situasi komunikasi; Internet; computer mediated discourse analysis (CMDA) THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE RELATION ANALYSIS MODEL AND INTERNET BASED PARADIGMA CMDA (COMPUTER MEDIATED DISCOURSE ANALYSIS) AbstractIn the last decade, the study of language relations, media, and communications technology has become an interdisciplinary study that attracts the attention of experts from various disciplines. More specifically, in relation to the study of discourse on the Internet, the use of language on the Internet is seen as a sign of the birth of "new genre" as well as the state of the art in discourse studies, known as computer mediated discourse analysis (CMDA). In the context of this development, this study is intended to formulate models of analysis of language and Internet relationships based on CMDA. The question centers on the extent to which the CMDA paradigm can be formulated as a model for the development of language and Internet relation analysis. This study reveals that the variety of languages on the Internet does not fully show the characteristics of writing, but tends to show the characteristics of "written verbal". In addition, the analysis showed that the context of the media and the context of the communication situation seemed to have a significant effect on determining the meaning of a speech on the Internet. Thus, the CMDA paradigm in the study of discourse on the Internet seems relevant to use, especially to identify the variety of languages and meanings of speech on the Internet.
Hypnotherapists commonly use metaphors in their suggestions. In hypnotherapy suggestions, metaphors contain a spoken effect. However, until now, metaphors in hypnotherapy speech on brain activity have not been specifically studied. The purpose of this study was to obtain a description of which brain activity appears influenced by different types of metaphors in hypnotherapy speech. The method used in this research is one shot case study. Data collected from one participants in the form of electroencephalograph (EEG) data recording results using hardware from OpenBCI, with 16 electrode channels installed based on the International System 10-20 and the OpenBCI GUI software. We provided stimuli in the form of subliminal metaphors and supraliminal metaphors to the participants. The collected data were then processed and analyzed using the standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Brain Tomography (sLORETA) method using LORETA-Key Software. The sLORETA measurement results will show the active Brodmann Area and Power Spectral Density; then, these results will be interpreted based on brain activity when perceiving metaphorical speech during recording.
Kesantunan merupakan aturan perilaku yang ditetapkan dan disepakati bersama oleh suatu masyarakat. Berbagai macam permasalahan sosial dapat dipicu oleh kurangnya kesantunan dalam berbahasa, berawal dari caci maki, kemudian berujung pada kekerasan fisik dan akhirnya mengakibatkan pelanggaran hukum, seperti perbuatan tidak menyenangkan. Permasalahan inti dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana parameter B&L dalam menilai tindakan perbuatan tidak menyenangkan di media sosial dan situasi komunikasi yang bagaimana yang diperlukan dalam menciptakan kesantunan bahasa di media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan perbuatan tidak menyenangkan di media sosial dan ketidaksantunan berbahasa yang digunakan penutur di media sosial yang berakibat pada tindakan hukum. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori pragmatik tentang kesantunan berbahasa dari B&L. Melalui metode kualitatif ditemukan bahwa media sosial merupakan sarana bergaulnya beragam komunitas sehingga tidak terlihat batasan kesantunan berbahasa maupun budaya berbahasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga parameter kesantunan berbahasa yang dilanggar oleh netizen, yaitu skala peringkat jarak sosial, skala peringkat status sosial, dan skala peringkat tindak tutur, kemudian kesantunan berbahasa di media sosial sudah semakin luntur sehingga dipandang perlu untuk menyosialisasikan nilai kesantunan berbahasa B&L.
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