Agricultural policy is a government effort in regulating, controlling aspects of development in the agricultural sector with the aim of maintaining and increasing food yields. The great results of the objectives of agricultural policies will be able to be realized if they can be translated into concrete steps and can be implemented consistently in the field. Agricultural policy directions try to see the concept of policies developed and practices to realize the goals of agricultural policies in Indonesia. This study focuses on institutions, regulations and issues of inadequate budget allocation, human resources that are less qualified in the management of land and agricultural products. The purpose of this study is to describe the direction of Indonesian agricultural policy in facing the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. This research uses qualitative research with a literature review approach. The results showed that there was no synchronization of agricultural policies at various levels of government, low budgets for agricultural development, spatial production practices at the expense of agricultural land in boosting regional income and the low utilization of technology and diversification in the use of agricultural technology showed that agricultural conditions in Indonesia were at an alarming level. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately synchronize agricultural policies at various levels of government and the allocation policies for agricultural development funds.

This paper, which is focused on evaluating the policies and institutional control of the Brantas River Basin, East Java, Indonesia, aims to review government regulations on watershed governance in Indonesia. A qualitative approach to content analysis is used to explain and layout government regulations regarding planning, implementation, coordination, monitoring, evaluation, and accountability of the central and local governments in managing the Brantas watershed, East Java, Indonesia. Nvivo 12 Plus software is used to map, analyze, and create data visualization to answer research questions. This study reveals that the management regulations of the Brantas watershed, East Java, Indonesia, are based on a centralized system, which places the central government as an actor who plays an essential role in the formulation, implementation, and accountability of the Brantas watershed management. In contrast, East Java Province’s regional government only plays a role in implementing and evaluating policies. The central government previously formulated the Brantas watershed. This research contributes to strengthening the management and institutional arrangement of the central government and local governments that support the realization of good governance of the Brantas watershed. Future research needs to apply a survey research approach that focuses on evaluating the capacity of the central government and local governments in supporting good management of the Brantas watershed.

Currently watershed governance still involves many stakeholders from different territories, ranging from local to cross-country, and also, different social, political, cultural, and economic factors. Therefore, this study aims to categorize the themes or concepts related to watershed management studies. Through descriptive analysis and the help of the Nvivo-12 software, 383 Scopus indexed paper articles, which were published by major publishers such as Emerald, MDPI, Sage, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor and Francis, were obtained. The results indicate that there are 155 concepts in the watershed governance study, and they can be categorized into 6 groups. Furthermore, they are also related to dominant themes such as water resources, governance, watershed, environment, local issue, and policy. The significance of this study is the discovery of the concept of watershed governance studies; therefore, it can assist in the development of conceptual frameworks in future studies. Meanwhile, the limitation of this study is that the articles it reviewed were obtained from only the Scopus database, therefore, it does not have comparable data. Consequently, future studies need to use a comparative analysis approach which involves both the Scopus and the Web of Sciences (WoS) databases.

Political Massifnya tourism development in Batu spurs the development of infrastructure and public facilities with the use of natural resources to lead to land conversion and water use massively threaten the sustainability of water resources. Not infrequently these conditions lead to conflict. Several cases of water use conflicts that occur stone became one of the city's ecological conflicts tensions over rights to use and use of water resources, reduction of tensions over the distribution of water resources, as well as tensions over the threat to the survival of livelihoods associated with water resources. Research with qualitative methods has found that the political ecology of water resources management in the stone town due to the impartiality of government policy Kota Batu to the sustainability of water resources. This condition is seen from the policy product inconsistencies and imbalances between the budget amount of land for the tourism construction commercialization as well as efforts to conserve water sources. These conditions lead to conflict and resistance from society in the struggle for access to water resources.

This research was conducted with the aim to find out the role of bhejingan in the election of the village chief in Pamekasan. Based on data from Police Resort Pamekasan, utilization of bhejingan also in hardness, coloring election allegedly the head of a village in Pamekasan. In addition to votes may give rise to insecurity, involvement of bhejingan in the election of the village chief in value can reduce democratic values ... This study used a qualitative approach to the types of descriptive research. Source data obtained through interviews, participant observation and documentation. Based on the research results obtained information that role of bhejingan’s role in the selection of village chief political strategy performing various functions to help the village chief candidate's victory, among them: developing intercultural communication fellow bhejingan, charting the direction of the voice of the supporters, keeping the voice directions as well as mobilizing votes (money politic).