Abstrak PendahuluanHutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem khas di wilayah pesisir dan dipengaruhi pasang surut air laut. Bagi masyarakat pesisir khususnya, hutan mangrove disadari atau tidak, mempunyai fungsi sangat strategis secara ekologi, sosial, maupun ekonomi dalam kehidupannya. Hutan mangrove memiliki banyak fungsi, selain manfaat yang langsung secara nyata dirasakan oleh masyarakat dan bahkan menjadi sumber penghidupan ekonomi seperti kayu dan pohon, ikan, kepiting,dan lain sebagainya juga manfaat tidak langsung penahan abrasi dan tempat ikan bertelur dan memijah. Namun, seiring dengan meningkatnya aktivitas masyarakat di wilayah pesisir dan kebutuhan yang diingini yang tinggi menyebabkan hutan mangrove mengalami tekanan yang dapat mengancam keberadaan dan fungsinya. Kondisi tersebut pada akhirnya dapat merugikan manusia dan alam karena terkait dengan berkurangnya fungsi-fungsi baik ekologis maupun ekonomi dan fungsi lainnya.Kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi baik pada ekosistem laut maupun ekosistem lainnya memang banyak dipicu oleh berbagai faktor. Namun, secara umum dua pemicu yang cukup dominan adalah kebutuhan ekonomi (economic driven) dan kegagalan kebijakan (policy failure driven) (Fauzi, 2005). Manusia memiliki tugas mulia dalam mengelola sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan supaya tetap lestari dan berkelanjutan. Menurut Al Qardhawi (2001) menjaga sumber kekayaan alam yang notabene merupakan nikmat Allah swt bagi makhlukNya, adalah kewajiban bagi setiap manusia.

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki sejumlah manfaat dan jasa ekosistem, namun keberadaannya terus memperoleh tantangan dan tekanan akibat aktivitas di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi ekosistem mangrove dan konsekuensinya terhadap jasa ekosistem di kawasan ekosistem Mangrove Angke Kapuk Teluk Jakarta. Kondisi ekosistem dianalisis dengan mengkaji tutupan lahan dan tingkat kekritisan lahan mangrove menggunakan citra SPOT 6 dan Sistem Informasi Geografi, sedangkan konsekuensinya terhadap jasa ekosistem dikaji dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan luasan ekosistem Mangrove Angke Kapuk sebesar 291.17 ha dengan tingkat kerapatan 272.79 ha jarang, 16.83 ha sedang dan 1.54 ha lebat. Ekosistem mangrove yang masih terlihat terjaga sebagian besar berada pada kawasan Suaka Marga Satwa Muara Angke dan Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk, meskipun demikian posisinya sangat dekat dan berada diantara kawasan permukiman dan infrastruktur lainnya. Kondisi kawasan ekosistem Mangrove Angke Kapuk berdasarkan tingkat kekritisan lahan mangrove terkategori rusak 272.79 ha dan 18.38 ha terkategori tidak rusak. Kawasan ekosistem Mangrove Angke Kapuk berpotensi terus mengalami tekanan terutama disebabkan aktivitas dari area terbangun di sekitarnya. Kondisi tersebut juga akan berkonsekuensi terhadap menurunnya jasa ekosistem yang tersedia. Jasa ekosistem mangrove yang sediakala masih dirasakan menjadi semakin berkurang atau bahkan hilang sehingga pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan, kerugian ekonomi dan ancaman bencana. Keberadaan kawasan ekosistem Mangrove Angke Kapuk di pesisir utara Jakarta perlu mendapat perhatian karena masih berkontribusi memberikan jasa ekosistem dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan.

Abstract. Sofian A, Suhermanto A, Saidin, Sayuti M, Novianto D, Widyasari F. 2021. Short communication: Environment and morphometric of sea hare Dolabella auricularia from shrimp pond, Sorong West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: xxxx. Dolabella auricularia is a herbivorous marine biota living on the shallow seabed, which is found mostly in Indo-Pacific waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental and morphometric characteristics of Dolabella auricularia which live in vaname shrimp pond, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia. Samples were collected from April to June 2020. From the measurement of pond waters environmental conditions, the following data were obtained: temperatures ranging from 31.47 ± 1.08oC, salinity ranging from 31.91 ± 2.29 ppt, pH ranging from 8.02 ± 0.20, brightness 108.00 ± 45.63 cm, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranging from 4.10 ± 0.22 mg/L. The morphometrics of D. auricularia consisted of R-Anterior resp distances with sizes ranging from 38.9 ± 17 mm, wet weight ranging from 170 ± 34 g total lengths ranging from 112 ± 57.83 mm, posterior diameters ranging from 71 ± 41 mm. D. auricularia was found in pond waters as a pest for shrimp culture. However, D. auricularia also has biomedical and economic potentials as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. So, further studies are needed for their development.

Abstract. Mulyati S, Herdianto T, Suhermanto A, Sofian A. 2022. The prospects of business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6413-6419. Ornamental fish is a potential commodity necessarily optimized to improve the welfare of society. One of the Indonesian provinces producing diverse species of ornamental fish to export is Southeast Sulawesi. This study aimed to evaluate the ornamental fish potentials and create an evaluation possibly implemented as a consideration to determine business development strategies. The method was a case study, collected data through observation, interviews, literature study, and internal and external conditions were analyzed using SWOT analysis. The study analyzed the potential, trade, and strategy for business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi. The study discovers that 38 species are traded, and nine of them are dominantly traded. Moreover, there are six main species potentially cultivated due to the demand and stable production; they are Betok Kupang (Chrysietera cyanea), Capungan (Apogon sp.), Angel KKO (Cirrhilabrus sp.), Clown fish (Amphiprion ocellaris), Keling Rub (Cirrhilabrus sp.), and Letter six (Paracanthurus hepatus). The development of ornamental fish cultivation can be implemented with the S-O (strengths–opportunities) strategy that manages and protects the environment of ornamental fish, strengthens the capacity of fishers and stakeholders for environmentally friendly activities and export market orientation, and builds cooperation of fisherman, exporters, and stakeholders to develop business in ornamental fish by emphasizing local species with high economic values and market demands. These results can be a consideration in making decisions related to the development of ornamental fish.

Mangrove ecosystems have an important role and provide ecosystem services that support the surrounding life, but their existence gets to experience pressure and degradation continuously. This study aims to analyze the ecosystem services carrying capacity of Angke Kapuk Mangrove (MAK) Jakarta Bay. The carrying capacity of the MAK ecosystem area was analyzed by examining the condition of ecosystem services and the carrying capacity of the protected function of the MAK and surrounding ecosystems. The condition of ecosystem services refers to the carrying capacity (D3TLH) map of the Muara Angke Kapuk mangrove ecosystem Area, Jakarta Bay, P3EJawa KLHK, while the carrying capacity of the protected function refers to the 2014 Ministry of Environment (KLH) D3TLH Guidelines and remote sensing and GIS techniques. MAK ecosystem areas are mostly in the low ecosystem services category. The results of the analysis show that the carrying capacity of the protected area of MAK ecosystem in Penjaringan District is 0.32, which means the carrying capacity of the protected function of the region is categorized damaged. These results provide an overview of the challenges and threats that occur in the MAK ecosystem area so that it requires attention and strategic efforts in maintaining the sustainability of ecosystem services.