Object. The authors report their experience in six patients presenting with pineal tumors and associated hydrocephalus who underwent an endoscopic biopsy procedure and third ventriculostomy (ETV) in a single setting. The purpose of this report is to discuss the role of neuroendoscopic procedures in the management of pineal region tumors. Methods. A retrospective review of patients undergoing simultaneous ETV and tumor biopsy was ndertaken. Neuroendoscopic surgery was first applied for tumor debulking with tissue diagnosis and gross morphological analysis of the tumor and the intraventricular structures, followed by third ventriculostomy. Subsequent procedures were determined on the basis of verified individual tumors. Results. Over a 2-year interval, 6 patients underwent simultaneous ETV and tumor management. These patients ranged from 6 to 54 years of age (mean 24.3 years). All cases were completed without complications or the need for an additional CSF diversionary procedure within 6 months. The diagnostic yield of the biopsy was 100%. Favorable therapeutic outcomes were obtained in all cases of germinoma and pineoblastoma, with follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 24 months. Conclusion. The majority of our patients with dilated ventricles were treated satisfactorily with effective neuroendoscopic procedures as the initial procedure, avoiding unnecessary craniotomy and promising excellent therapeutic outcomes.
Relato de um caso raro de apresentação de infestação por cisticercose do espaço subaracnóide cerebral e intra-raquiano nas regiões cervical e torácica em mulher de 59 anos de idade, com náuseas, sinais de ataxia cerebelar e perda gradual da sensibilidade nas pernas. O diagnóstico foi feito por meio de imagens por ressonância magnética do cérebro e da coluna cérvico-torácica, que evidenciaram a presença de cistos nos espaços subaracnóides. O exame do líquido cefalorraquiano revelou teste imunológico ELISA positivo e elevado nível de proteína (420 mg/dl), indicativo de atividade da doença. Os parasitos foram removidos cirurgicamente pela necessidade de descompressão da medula espinhal torácica. Breve comentário sobre a patogênese da forma cística da cisticercose espinhal intradural-extramedular, aspectos das imagens de ressonância magnética e tratamento foram feitos com base nos achados de revisão da literatura.
RESUMOObjetivo: Cistos aracnóideos são lesões expansivas congênitas ocupadas por líquido semelhante ao líquor e delimitada por uma membrana semelhante à aracnóide, com etiologia e história natural controversas. Endoscopia tem sido utilizada com sucesso durante décadas para tratar uma variedade de afecções no sistema nervoso central. Métodos: Treze pacientes submetidos a fenestração endoscópica para tratamento de cistos aracnóideos foram selecionados para o estudo. A indicação cirúrgica e a técnica foram revisadas, e o sucesso do procedimento e o prognóstico foram avaliados.Resultados: Cinco pacientes apresentavam cistos em fossa media, 2 na fossa posterior, 3 na cisterna quadrigeminal e 3 cistos supraselares. A abordagem endoscópica consistiu em cistoventriculostomia em 8 pacientes e cistocisternotomia em 5 pacientes. Não houve mortes ou morbidade intra-operatória. Discussão: Cistos aracnóideos são lesões relativamente benignas que podem ser abordadas por fenestração endoscópica de sua parede para o sistema ventricular ou cisternas contendo liquido cefalorraquidiano.Conclusão: Seleção adequada de pacientes, planejamento pré operatório do trajeto do endoscópio, utilização de aparelhos de navegação e avanço na tecnologia das lentes e na captação de imagens fazem deste procedimento seguro e com ótimo prognóstico. Palavras-chave: Cisto Aracnóideos, Fenestração Endoscópica, Neuroendoscopia.ABSTRACT Object: Arachnoid cysts are developmental space-occupying lesions filled with CSF-like content and surrounded by a membrane resembling arachnoid mater, with controversial etiology and natural history. Endoscopy has been successfully used for decades to treat a variety of pathologies within the central nervous system. Methods:Thirteen patients who underwent endoscopic fenestration for treatment of arachnoid cyst were selected for this study. The surgical indications and techniques were reviewed, and surgical success rates and patient outcomes were assessed.Results: Five patients had middle fossa cysts; 2 a posterior fossa cyst; 3 a quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cyst and 3 a suprasellar arachnoid cyst. Endoscopic management consisted in a cystoventriculostomy in 8 patients and cystocisternotomy in 5 patients. There was neither mortality nor operative morbidity.Discussion: Arachnoid cysts are a relatively benign pathological entity that can be managed by performing endoscopically guided cyst wall fenestrations into the ventricular system or cerebrospinal fluid containing cisterns. Conclusion:Proper patient selection, preoperative planning of endoscope trajectory, use of frameless navigation, and advances in endoscope lens technology and light intensity combine to make this a safe procedure with excellent outcomes.
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