Free radicals and UV exposure can cause aging. Aging prevention needs substances that can prevent molecular oxidation reactions in cells and inhibit the activity of enzymes that trigger aging. Research on pineapple skin and flesh extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) reported the presence of luteolin compound which functions as antioxidants and antityrosinase. However, in this study, the object used was pineapple core extract (PCE), which has not been widely known for its antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the content of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase enzymes by PCE and then compared with the luteolin (LT) compound test results using Fansworth method, DPPH scavenging activity assay and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition assay. Based on the study results, the phytochemical compounds contained in PCE were tannins and triterpenoids.  PCE and LT produced the highest DPPH scavenging activity, which was 64.86% and 59.32% (final concentration 200μg/ml and 6.25μg/ml) and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity, which was 60.52% and 85.02% (final concentration 100 μg/ml). Antioxidant activity was determined based on IC50 of 87.46µg/mL and 4.17 µg/ml respectively. IC50 tyrosinase enzyme inhibition EBN and LT respectively at 62.27µg/ml and 5.25 µg/ml. Antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging test and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity by PCE was lower than LT.

Background: Piper crocatum, also known as red betel, is a potential herbal medicine. Aims: Current study was planned to determine the antioxidant activities of red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav.) leaves extract (RBLE) as compared to eugenol and hydroxychavicol compounds. Methods: DPPH radical scavenging, H 2 O 2 scavenging, ABTS reduction, and FRAP reduction assay were carried out. Results: In DPPH scavenging, RBLE showed an IC 50 value of 3.98 μg/mL, eugenol of 2.98 μg/mL, and hydroxychavicol of 18.00 μg/mL. Meanwhile, H 2 O 2 scavenging activity showed an IC 50 value of RBLE, eugenol, and hydroxychavicol as 186.33 μg/mL, 97.36 μg/mL, and 41.06 μg/mL respectively. ABTS reduction assay showed an IC 50 value of 38.43 μg/mL, 181 μg/mL, and 3.10 μg/mL for RBLE, eugenol, and hydroxychavicol respectively. The highest FRAP reduction activity was shown by Eugenol with a concentration of 50 μg/mL which was equal to 424.67 µM Fe (II)/µg. Conclusion:The RBLE and its compounds (eugenol and hydroxychavicol) have antioxidant activity as indicated by the results of the DPPH scavenging, H 2 O 2 scavenging, ABTS reduction, and FRAP reduction assays. However, RBLE had the lowest antioxidant activity compared to other compounds.

The Regency that rich in the natural resources needs many stake holders to attract the investors to open new enterprises or collaborate the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). A map out procedure was carried ou to seek the natural resources as backbone of community development and business growth in Simalungun Regency of North Sumatra Province of Indonesia. Data collection was made by seeking the data of official documents and studies reports. Data obtained revealed that Simalungun Regency in 2019 and 2020 has a great economic growth in agriculture. It found that the sector of forestry, agriculture and fisheries in 2019 increases 6.15 % and in 2020 it grew 9 % . Beside it has registered 1,200 SMEs, it will make the increase of SMEs whenever the Agropolitan Development Plan set up within 5 years. Simalungun Regency has very huge natural resources that needed to be developed as an agropolitan area to support the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).

The UPTD Puskesmas annual report book in Medan Tembung District reported that the number of diarrhea sufferers had increased every year. Moringa plants have many benefits, both leaves, flowers, stems, fruit blossoms, and seeds. The moringa leaves contain various phytochemicals, viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins, which have antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves against Escherichia coli. This study was an experimental study with a posttest only control group design model. The method used to evaluate ethanol extract's anti-bacterial effect from Moringa leaves was the disc diffusion method. Moringa leaf extract was obtained by maceration method with a ratio of Simplicia powder, and ethanol solvent was 1:10. The ethanol extract was then concentrated by rotary evaporator and diluted using DMSO into five different concentrations viz. 70%, 75%, 85%, 90%, and 95%. All data were analyzed by the One Way Anova test and expressed as Mean ± SD. This study showed that all treatment groups in this study had a significant difference in the zone of inhibition; it was shown by the P-value <0.05. Only 70% of concentrations from Serial concentration of extract were significant differences against the positive control. Overall, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of moringa leaves is effective as an anti-bacteria against Escherichia coli, especially at concentrations > 75%.

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah memformulasi mikroenkapsulasi atenolol dengan penyalut HPMC menggunakan metode emulsifikasi penguapan pelarut. Dalan metode ini, HPMC dilarutkan dalam pelarut campuran methanol-diklorometana. Sedangkan atenolol dilarutkan ke dalam larutan HPMC. Dalam gelas lain dimasukkan paraffin cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio atenolol dan HPMC adalah 1:0,5; 1:1; dan 1:1,5 berturut-turut untuk masing-masing Formula (Formula I, II, III dan IV). Mikroenkapsulasi yang dihasilkan dievaluasi berdasarkan distribusi ukuran partikel dan senyawa aktif yang dilepaskan. Mikrokapsul memiliki distribusi ukuran partikel antara 212-2000 µm. Spektrofotmeter UV dalam metanol yang digunakan untuk mengukur konsentrasi senyawa aktif diperoleh 56,963 ± 17,589; 60,41 ± 1,0045; 60 dan 173 ± 1,0160 % untuk masing-masing Formula (Formula I, II, dan III). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikrokapsul dengan perbandingan atenolol dan HPMC 1:1,5 memiliki pelepasan zat aktif yang lebih baik. Kinetika atenolol yang dilepaskan dari mikrokapsul mengikuti persamaan Higuchi.