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2014),"State of the art and future direction of additive manufactured scaffolds-based bone tissue engineering", If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractThe aim of this research is to develop, demonstrate and characterize techniques for fabricating such scaffolds by combining solid freeform fabrication and computational design methods. When fully developed, such techniques are expected to enable the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds endowed with functionally graded material composition and porosity exhibiting sharp or smooth gradients. Results of bio-compatibility and in vivo implantation are presented. Electronic accessThe research register for this journal is available at

Polycaprolactone is a bioresorbable polymer that has potential for tissue engineering of bone and cartilage. In this work, we report on the computational design and freeform fabrication of porous polycaprolactone scaffolds using selective laser sintering, a rapid prototyping technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds were assessed and compared to designed porous architectures and computationally predicted properties. Compressive modulus and yield strength were within the lower range of reported properties for human trabecular bone. Finite element analysis showed that mechanical properties of scaffold designs and of fabricated scaffolds can be computationally predicted. Scaffolds were seeded with BMP-7 transduced fibroblasts and implanted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice. Histological evaluation and micro-computed tomography (gCT) analysis confirmed that bone was generated in vivo. Finally, we have demonstrated the clinical application of this technology by producing a prototype mandibular condyle scaffold based on an actual pig condyle.

Advanced and novel fabrication methods are needed to build complex three-dimensional scaffolds that incorporate multiple functionally graded biomaterials with a porous internal architecture that will enable the simultaneous growth of multiple tissues, tissue interfaces and blood vessels. The aim of this research is to develop, demonstrate and characterize techniques for fabricating such scaffolds by combining solid freeform fabrication and computational design methods. When fully developed, such techniques are expected to enable the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds endowed with functionally graded material composition and porosity exhibiting sharp or smooth gradients. As a first step towards realizing this goal, scaffolds with periodic cellular and biomimetic architectures were designed and fabricated using selective laser sintering in Nylon-6, a biocompatible polymer. Results of bio-compatibility and in vivo implantation studies conducted on these scaffolds are reported.