The large or small scale of a landslide is a natural, widespread process, resulting from the downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials, such as sculpting the landscape. Characterized landslide material and properties’ inhomogeneities conditions become a challenge as the process required the availability of a wide range of data, observations, and measurements with an evaluation of geological and hydrological conditions. Detailed investigations represent an essential component of the landslide risk mitigation process, relying on subsurface investigations, discrete subsurface sampling, and laboratory tests. To extend this approach, seismic refraction and two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity were utilized to study the landslides activities in Ulu Yam. The cross-plot analysis was introduced to integrate the geophysical results based on the criteria of the model. Velocity distributions from seismic refraction revealed the stiffness of the soil, where weak zones identified with values of Vp ≤ 1200 m/s, defined as threshold frequency for failure to occur. The 2-D resistivity shows that the weak zones were identified with resistivity values of <1200 Ωm. The 2-D cross-plot model gives a comprehensive interpretation where a low velocity and resistivity value represents the failure plane of materials to failure. The volume of mass sliding was calculated based on retrieved information from the model.

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Abstract.The availability of quality water resources has always been the primary concern of societies in semi-arid and arid regions, even in areas of more abundant rainfall, the problem of obtaining adequate supply of quality water is generally becoming more acute due to ever increasing population and industrialization. This study applied Vertical Electrical Sounding [VES] method to investigate the exploration of groundwater in Gwagwalada areas council FCT Abuja. A total of 12 VES were carried out in different parts of the study area. The field data obtained was analyzed and interpreted using Ipi2Win Software. The curves reveal that the area is characterized by 3-4 classes of geo-electric layers. Low resistive topsoil layer (thickness 1 -4.09 m), weathered layer (thickness 1.35 -119 m), fractured basement (thickness 30.4 -117 m), and the fresh basement layer (thickness >25 m) respectively. The results indicate the occurrence of good aquifers in the second and third layers indicating that borehole drilling in the study area is achievable but to a depth of 45 meters to allow large reservoir within the aquifers. From the analysis, weathered basement and fractured basement aquifers, were delineated; these aquifer units may have significant groundwater potential.