Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare life-threatening complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with high mortality rates. DAH is more common in women, and mean age of onset is around 30 years. It mostly occurs in patients with established diagnosis of SLE but can be the initial presentation of lupus in approximately 20%. DAH should be suspected in lupus patient presenting with new pulmonary infiltrates, decline in hemoglobin, hemoptysis, dyspnea, hypoxemia, and increase in carbon monoxide diffusion capacity. Radiographic evidence of bilateral pulmonary alveolar infiltrates that are usually perihilar or basilar with sparing of apices is seen. DAH can often mimic clinically and radiologically severe pneumonia or ARDS. Treatment includes high-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis. We report a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage complicating SLE flare-up in a male patient.

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This paper presents various control system design techniques for temperature control of Magnetic Fluid hyperthermia. The purpose of this research is to design a cost-effective, efficient, and practically implementable temperature controller for Magnetic Fluid hyperthermia, which is presently under research as a substitute to the radiation and chemotherapy treatment of cancer. The principle of this phenomenon centers on the greater sensitivity of tumor cells to changes in temperature in comparison to healthy cells. Once the nanoparticles reach the desired tissue, it can then be placed in a varying magnetic field to dissipate the heat locally by raising the temperature to 45 °C in order to kill cancerous cells. One of the challenging tasks is to maintain the temperature strictly at desired point i.e., 45 °C. Temperature controller for magnetic fluid hyperthermia provides the tight control of temperature in order to avoid folding of proteins and save the tissues around the cancerous tissue from getting destroyed. In contrast with most of the existing research on this topic, which are based on linear control strategies or their improved versions, the novelty of this research lies in applying nonlinear control technique like Sliding Mode Control (SMC) to accurately control the temperature at desired value. A comparison of the control techniques is presented in this paper, based on reliability, robustness, precision and the ability of the controller to handle the non-linearities that are faced during the treatment of cancer. SMC showed promising results in terms of settling time and rise time. Steady state error was also reduced to zero using this technique.

Aim: Polycystic liver infections are the most prevalent extra renal manifestation of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD). People are living longer and there are more chances of spread on infections and these infections may cause different diseases but these can be improved by providing the proper knowledge among the lay men and control over these diseases can be made like better kidney survival, less death from heart disease, new treatments for kidney transplants, and more people with polycystic liver failure. There is a lack of research that completely characterizes PKD in big cohorts. Many other researchers has also been made to observe the size of the liver and the number of cysts which are linked to the size of the hepatic parenchyma, but this study is the specific to the polycystic kidney disease and its effect over the liver with the volume of cyst. This is the only studyin the region. . Methods: cross-sectional studies has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the initial volumes of the liver which was determined by MRI, and the patient’s demographics, the outcomes of these results also depends upon the quality of life of the patients. This research was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021 at Mayo Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. The information is gathered from the randomized, placebo-controlled trial that is currently being conducted at five tertiary-care medical facilities. In this the comparison was made between the groups of angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II–receptor blocker. These findings were based on the normal situation o fthe blood [ressure. Because normal blood pressure related with the proper renal functioning. These tests were performed for 558 patients with ADPK (age, 16–50 y). Practical implication: We can easily implement these findings to PKD in hospitals and find the best treatment method according to this. Results: The significant level of hepatomegaly was seen in number of individuals diagnosed with ADPKD. Hepatomegaly was also existed in cysts as well as parenchyma. Cysts were found more often in women, and both the liver and cyst sizes were observed to be larger in women with the increase in age. Patients whose illness had progressed significantly demonstrated a significant reduction in the situation of liver parenchyma. In this study some minor irregularities were noticed in the results of laboratory testing on the liver, and splenomegaly and hypersplenism remained related to the severity of PLD. Inferior quality of life was connected with having a larger amount of damage in the liver tissue. Conclusion: Even in the earliest stages of ADPKD, hepatomegaly is rather prevalent, and it cannot be diagnosed properly just by the presence of cysts. Even for those who didn't have cysts, parenchymal volumes have been discovered to be substantially bigger than liver volumes in people without ADPKD or these predicted by basic tests performed in the specific laboratories. The harshness of PLD remained linked to changed biochemical also hematologic characteristics, in addition to a worse quality of life in patients. Keywords: Hepatomegaly, Polycystic liver infections, extra-renal manifestation, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney diseases.

Aim: In adolescents, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is linked through the substantial postoperative danger of serious problems such as pulmonary severe illness and heart attack. The efficacy of ketamine anesthesia inside this patient group is still unknown. Examine the health information about children having PAH in the past to identify the kind and occurrence of peri-procedural issues, as well as whether ketamine medication been connected to peri-procedural difficulties. Methods: Adolescents having PAH who had general anesthesia for operations throughout the one-year interval (May 2020–April 2021) were eligible to participate. Specifics concerning the patient, PAH, surgery, anesthesia, and post-procedural course were recorded, as well as any untoward events that occurred while or inside 48 hours of the operation. Complication rates were reported separately for each surgery. The relationship among ketamine and peri-procedural problems has been investigated. Results: Seventy-five children (median age 8.4 years, average weight 23 kg) had 193 surgeries performed on them. PAH intensity has been classified as mild (26%), medium (37%), or severe (37%). (41 percent). Medical intervention (n = 21), moderate surgery (n = 28), cardiac catheterization (n = 129), and nonsurgical treatments (n = 18) have been performed. During 152 surgeries, ketamine has been given. Thirty mild problems and nine significant problems reported identified. Cardiac arrest occurred in 0.79 percent of cardiac catheterization operations, 11 percent of significant medical procedures, and 2.7 percent of all processes. There has been no death as a result of the surgery. Ketamine administration was not linked to increases in problems. Conclusion: Ketamine looks to be a safe anesthetic alternative for patients. people suffering from PAH We present data on cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates and significant death rates that are higher than that found. Keywords: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Infants, Hypertension, Cardiac Arrest.