Cancer is a global epidemic disease responsible for over ten millions death worldwide. The early diagnosis and the precise treatment with reduced adverse reactions are the main goal worldwide. In this study, we produced, characterized and evaluated (in vitro) in three different cancer cell lines (protaste, breast and melanoma) a radioactive gold nanocluster (R-AuNC) (198 Au25(Capt)18). The pharmacokinetics as the influence in the ABC transporter (MRP1 Efflux Transporter Protein) was also evaluated. The results showed that R-AuNC (198 Au25(Capt)18) are capable to kill the cancer cells lines of protaste, breast and melanoma. The pharmacokinetics showed a fast clearance and great volume of distribution, confirming the use of R-AuNC as nanomedicine for cancer treatment. Finally, the ABC transporter assay corroborated that the R-AuNC (198 Au25(Capt)18) has no risk of being pumped out of cells by this efflux transporter. The results validate the use of gold nanoparticles as therapeutic nanomedicine for cancer treatment.

Using 3D Slicer software, this study focused on segmentation and quantitation of radiological features such as joint effusion, synovial size, and thickness, all obtained by 3D MRI in patients' knees with hemophilic arthropathy. The combination of synovial size and thickness with the parameters obtained by Monte Carlo simulation such as effective treatment range and S-value, from which is calculated the injected activity, could be used for treatment planning in RSO. Data from this methodology could be a potential aid to clinical decision making by selecting the most suitable radionuclide; justifying the procedure, fractioning the dose, and the calculated injected activity for children and adolescents, considering both the synovial size and thickness.

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The neutralization of suspicious objects by a conventional explosion in public places seems to be an option often considered by security forces. A radiological dispersive device (RDD) uses a radioactive material coupled to an amount of conventional explosive in order to contaminate an area. Extremist groups may take advantage of such protocol by leaving the radioactive material in public places to provoke suspicion, thus leading to the neutralization by an explosion, which in turn creates a RDD event. This work aims to discuss the influence of such a protocol in the radiological threat by means of computational simulation. The total maximum effective dose equivalent (TEDE Max), the Pasquill–Gifford atmospheric stability classes (PG classes), and the potentially affected population size were evaluated. The results consider two radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90. The findings allow us to infer that TEDE Max and surface contamination are strongly dependent on the PG classes. In addition, the affected population size depends on the plume size, which seems to be independent of the radionuclide, but not of the PG classes. Therefore, PG classes play a key role in the radiological threat. The findings may be of value to support decisions when facing an event.