The aim of the study was to develop protein enriched instant fish soup mix and analysis of the quality of various conditions. The study used a mechanical dryer for maintaining a constant air flow and temperature at its drying and dehydration stage. Powder was made after drying. An appropriate composition was used as an indicator. Various compositions like 75%, 65%, 55% and 45% fish powder were used as formulation 0, formulation 1, formulation 2, and formulation 3 respectively. Then these were reconstituted by boiled water for soup mix preparation. The result indicated that mixer 2 was the best composition. The finding suggested that 55% fish powder mix is the best composition for protein enriched instant soup mix. It will help to produce the instant soup mix and an alternative source of various costly animal and plant protein as a value-added material.

Kebutuhan pakan ikan semakin tinggi dan sebagian besar kebutuhan pakan ikan dipenuhi oleh pabrik pakan ikan komersial.  Salah satu sebab mahalnya harga pakan ikan komersial adalah karena sebagian besar bahan baku tepung ikan diimpor. Pemerintah mempunyai tekad  untuk dapat mandiri pakan ikan dengan membuat kebijakan mengaktifkan pabrik pakan ikan mandiri. Sebagian pabrik baru dengan kapasitas yang masih relatif rendah dan belum dikelola secara profesional. Untuk dapat bersaing dengan pabrik pakan komersial tentunya masih banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pabrik pakan mandiri. Salah satunya adalah mengenai skala keekonomian pabrik pakan ikan mandiri. Tujuan penelitian untuk melakukan analisis skala usaha pakan ikan mandiri yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pabrik pakan mandiri di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara studi kasus pada pabrik pakan ikan mandiri di Gunungkidul dari tahun 2012 sampai 2014. Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan: pengenalan teknologi pakan (2011), bantuan mesin dari pemerintah (2011-2014), pengembangan kelembagaan dan usaha pakan, peningkatan skala ekonomi pabrik pakan (2012 – sekarang). Hasil yang diperoleh pengembangan pabrik pakan ikan mandiri harus dapat memenuhi setidaknya dua aspek yaitu penguasaan teknologi (aspek teknokrat) dan kedua adalah penguasaan aspek sosial ekonomi budaya (penerimaan masyarakat, skala usaha dan  manajemen usaha). Pengembangan kearah scaling up didasarkan pada kebutuhan pasar lokal pakan ikan dan penguasaan jaringan bahan baku dan pemasaran produk. Pada periode awal pengembangan pabrik pakan mandiri, ketersediaan bahan baku secara kontinyu menjadi titik kritis keberhasilan pengembangan pabrik pakan.Title: Analysis of Independently Fish Feed Business in The District GunungkidulFish feed needs mostly from commercial feed mills, so feed the fish tend to rise in price. The government’s efforts to reduce dependence on the commercial fish feed business policy of community based fish feed (pabrik pakan ikan mandiri). Most community-based fish feed factory capacity is still relatively low, yet continuous and managed simply. Problems faced by independent feed mills are about economies of scale. The research objective analysis of business scale community-based fish feed (pabrik pakan ikan mandiri). Research has been carried out at the feed mill “Ngudi Results” Gunung Kidul District, and is focused on a case study in 2012 to 2014. The study was conducted with several stages: the introduction of feed technology (2011), the machinery of government assistance (2011-2014), institutional development and business feed, improved economies of scale feed mill (2012 - present). The results obtained fish feed plant development must meet at least two aspects: the mastery of technology (aspect technocrats) and the mastery of social economic and culture aspects (public acceptance, financial, business scale and business management). Development towards scaling up based on local market needs and control networks fish feed raw materials and product marketing. In early period of the development aspects of the feed mill productivity and continuity becomes a critical point of feed mill successful development.

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The prevalence of staphylococcal infection and the emergence of multidrug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are major concerns in food safety and public health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus isolated from traditional Chinese Rubing and Rushan cheese, antimicrobial resistance profiles, genomic characteristics, and predict antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). From 124 samples, 18 of 62 (29.03%) of Rubing and 5 of 62 (8.06%) of Rushan cheese were confirmed to be S. aureus positive by standard culture-based methods. Twenty-three coagulase-positive staphylococci isolates were grouped into 16 clusters by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and subjected to routine susceptibility testing to 12 antibiotics. Those isolates exhibited high resistance to penicillin (100%), erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (34.78%), oxacillin, clindamycin, and cefoxitin (21.74%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus was found in 34.78% (8 of 23) of isolates. Further, S. aureus strain DC.RB_015 isolated from Rubing cheese, recognized as the most resistant to six antibiotics, was selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS), continued with in silico approaches. S. aureus DC.RB_015 had a single chromosome size of 2,794,578 bp and a plasmid size of 22,961 bp. The strain harbored 18 predicted ARGs, including eight efflux pump genes (mepA, tet(K), arlR, arlS, norA, mgrA, tet(38), LmrS), one peptidoglycan biosynthesis gene (bacA), two β-lactams resistance genes (mecA, blaZ), and seven genes conferring other antimicrobial resistance (APH(3′)-IIIa, aad(6), ErmB, mecR1, GlpT, murA). The results of this study expand the knowledge of S. aureus strain DC.RB_015, increase food safety awareness, and will be helpful in establishing therapeutic therapy.

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