ABSTRAKMakalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan proses perubahan bunyi frikatif alveolar /s/ kepada bunyi frikatif glotis [h] dalam bahasa Kerinci. Wujudnya penutur bahasa Kerinci di Malaysia disebabkan mobiliti dan perpindahan penuturnya yang berasal dari Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Bahasa Kerinci yang dituturkan dikedua-dua buah negara mempunyai sistem sebutan yang berbeza antara satu sama lain. Namun, sistem fonologi bahasa Kerinci yang digunakan di Malaysia masih belum dibincangkan secara teoritikal. Sampel kajian dipilih dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu Kerinci di Kampung Sungai Lui, Hulu Langat Selangor yang berusia dalam lingkungan 50 tahun dan ke atas. Maklumat dan data diperoleh melalui teknik pemerhatian, temu bual dan rakaman yang bertujuan merekod pertuturan responden untuk ditranskripsi serta dianalisis untuk menjelaskan perubahan bunyi yang berlaku. Kajian ini menerapkan kerangka fonologi generatif untuk menjelaskan proses pengglotisan /s/ kepada [h]. Proses fonologi yang berlaku bukan sahaja melibatkan perubahan pada segmen /s/ tetapi turut mengubah bunyi-bunyi vokal yang mendahului segmen tersebut, iaitu vokal /a, i, u/. Hasil kajian menunjukkan vokal /a, i, u/ yang mendahului segmen /s/ dalam bahasa Kerinci akan mengalami proses fonologi dan menghasilkan bentuk permukaan yang berbeza antara satu sama lain. Proses fonologi yang terlibat adalah rumus peninggian vokal yang mengubah bunyi /as/ kepada [h] dan rumus perendahan vokal yang mengubah bunyi /is/ kepada [h] dan /us/ kepada [awh]. Namun, setiap perubahan yang berlaku memerlukan huraian atur rumus untuk menjelaskan proses mana yang berlaku terlebih dahulu. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa rumus pengglotisan geseran yang mengubah segmen /s/ kepada [h] hanya berlaku selepas pelaksanaan rumus-rumus yang menyebabkan perubahan pada vokalvokal tersebut. Hal ini bagi memenuhi syarat lingkungan yang telah ditetapkan terhadap rumus-rumus yang telah dinyatakan.

This exploratory study aims to analyse Malaysian students' perceptions of the types of strategy used in learning French as a foreign language with regard to writing skills. The study utilized quantitative method of data collection, by applying Dörnyei's (1995) communication strategies taxonomy to the writing strategies. A total of 50 subjects participated in this study after their 100 hours of learning French. The task consisted of the administration of the writing task by the subjects. The instrument used in the study is a 2 part questionnaire consisting of 19 items.

This exploratory study aims to determine and categorize the type of strategies used by Malaysian students in their learning French as a foreign language with regards to writing skills by applying Dörnyei's (1995) communication strategies taxonomy. The study utilized both a qualitative and quantitative method of data analysis. A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. The task consisted of the administration of the writing task by the subjects after their 100 hours of learning French. The main instruments used in the study were a writing task prompt and an observation checklist. Instruments were adapted mainly from Dornyei & Scott (1997).

The language shift phenomenon in the Bajau Sama Kota Belud in Sabah is definite. The researchers surveyed the phenomenon in Kampung Taun Gusi 1, Kota Belud, Sabah. Based on the age cross-sectional method, 300 participants of 20-29 years (G20s), 30-39 years (G30s), 40-49 years (G40s), and 50-59 years (G50s) respectively were selected by stratified sampling. The objective of this study is to formulate the dimensionality of language shift. The researchers found that speakers shifted from using the mother tongue to the Malay language after entering school. The Bajau Sama language spoken as the mother tongue has declined from one generation to another. For a better understanding of the Bajau Sama lexical, G20s meet Fishman’s (1991) implication scale negatively. The group achievement of nouns has decreased to 26.9%, verbs (33.9%), and adjectives (32%). Meanwhile, the attitude overtness towards the Bajau Sama language is most evident among G50s with a statistical min of 83.00, declining by 48.20 in G30s and 41.80 in G40s, which eventually and significantly decreased by 23.20 in G20s. In the family domain, G20s prefer using the Malay language over Bajau Sama. In the neighbourhood domain, G20s and G30s use the Malay language frequently. All the groups choose to speak the Malay language in the shop outlet domain. This study’s implications demonstrate G20s and G30s have shifted to use the Malay language in family and neighbourhood domains. This shifting justifies the low vocabulary knowledge in Bajau Sama compared to G40s and G50s. Overall, the language shift from the mother tongue to the Malay language in the Bajau Sama Kota Belud community occurred due to bilingualism, the level of status, and unequal power between the two languages, the impact of political, economic, and social situations on one language group. In conclusion, we suggested that the Bajau Sama standard language curriculum be introduced in primary schools to sustain its vitality as a revitalization program.

The aim of this article is to explain the syllabification of high vowels /i/ and /u/ at the nucleus position in the Kerinci language. In this language, the high vowels /i/ and /u/ at the nucleus position will undergo changes - for example, /i/, /u/, /is/ and /us/ will be realized as [aj], [aw], [ajh] and [awh]. In order to explain the phonological processes, each problem was analyzed using the theory of autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith, 1976, 1990). There are three processes involved in the theory, namely linking, delinking and features spreading. The phonological modifications involving the high vowels can be adequately explained based on the process of syllabification that is couched in the CV skeletal model of McCarthy (1981). The data for this study were obtained through three different methods, namely library research, observation and interviews. The instruments used in this study were a recorder, questionnaires and notebooks. The informants selected for this study comprised five men and women who are aged 50 years and above, who are native speakers of Kerinci Semerap dialect, and were born in Kabupaten Kerinci, West Sumatera, Indonesia. However, they have been living in Kampung Batu 21 Sungai Lui, Hulu Langat, Selangor, for more than 30 years. The finding showed that the high vowels /i/ and /u/ at the nucleus of word final syllable are linked to the coda nodes and surfaces as the glides [j] and [w]. Thus, the analysis of the syllabification of high vowels at the coda position explains the application of vowel [a] in the output of words such as [mã.taj] “dead”, [sa.taw] “one”, [tu.lajh] “write” and [lu.rawh] “straight” based on the CV skeletal model of McCarthy (1981).