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The study underlines the socio-cultural obstacles to women’s empowerment in the target area. Kohat district was chosen as locale of the study. 78 women working in 3 different Technical and Vocational Training Institutes were randomly interviewed for the study. Structured interview schedule was used as tool for collecting data from the sample respondents. The results of the study indicate that Socio-Cultural hindrances exist and are obstructing women empowerment in the target area. The condition can be improved by creating socio-cultural values favourable to women empowerment through education, jobs, decision-making power and by avoiding misinterpretation of religion etc.

The number of street children is increasing at alarming rate in the country. The several composite factors drive these children to the street life where they are confronted with the numerous threats. This study proposed to explore the root causes alongside the risks connected with street life. A qualitative study design was used to interview 50 street children from 5 hotspot sites of Peshawar, which includes Haji Camp Adda, Gulbahar, Karhano Market, University Town and Firdous Bazaar. This study is based on Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory focusing on the quality and context of the child's environment. There are two types of street children available, on and off the Street children. The determinants included strict parenting style, orphan by father, large family size and backing family. The negative attitude of society, physical and sexual abuse, weather conditions, health and hygiene and long working hours are the high rank factors. Such the challenges and exposure adversely affect child personality and development. Constitution guaranteed basic rights of free and compulsory education and a dire need to provide a safe and protected environment with a comprehensive social rehabilitation and reintegration program for street children

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