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Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the fundamental requirement to an intelligent transport system. The proposed hybrid model Stacked Bidirectional LSTM and Attention-based GRU (SBAG) is used for predicting the large scale traffic speed. To capture bidirectional temporal dependencies and spatial features, BDLSTM and attention-based GRU are exploited. It is the first time in traffic speed prediction that bidirectional LSTM and attention-based GRU are exploited as a building block of network architecture to measure the backward dependencies of a network. We have also examined the behaviour of the attention layer in our proposed model. We compared the proposed model with state-of-the-art models e.g. Fully Convolutional Network, Gated Recurrent Unit, Long-short term Memory, Bidirectional Long-short term Memory and achieved superior performance in large scale traffic speed prediction.

Context and Background: Since December 2019, the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has sparked considerable alarm among the general community and significantly affected societal attitudes and perceptions. Apart from the disease itself, many people suffer from anxiety and depression due to the disease and the present threat of an outbreak. Due to the fast propagation of the virus and misleading/fake information, the issues of public discourse alter, resulting in significant confusion in certain places. Rumours are unproven facts or stories that propagate and promote sentiments of prejudice, hatred, and fear. Objective. The study’s objective is to propose a novel solution to detect fake news using state-of-the-art machines and deep learning models. Furthermore, to analyse which models outperformed in detecting the fake news. Method. In the research study, we adapted a COVID-19 rumours dataset, which incorporates rumours from news websites and tweets, together with information about the rumours. It is important to analyse data utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches. Based on the accuracy, precision, recall, and the f1 score, we can assess the effectiveness of the ML and DL algorithms. Results. The data adopted from the source (mentioned in the paper) have collected 9200 comments from Google and 34,779 Twitter postings filtered for phrases connected with COVID-19-related fake news. Experiment 1. The dataset was assessed using the following three criteria: veracity, stance, and sentiment. In these terms, we have different labels, and we have applied the DL algorithms separately to each term. We have used different models in the experiment such as (i) LSTM and (ii) Temporal Convolution Networks (TCN). The TCN model has more performance on each measurement parameter in the evaluated results. So, we have used the TCN model for the practical implication for better findings. Experiment 2. In the second experiment, we have used different state-of-the-art deep learning models and algorithms such as (i) Simple RNN; (ii) LSTM + Word Embedding; (iii) Bidirectional + Word Embedding; (iv) LSTM + CNN-1D; and (v) BERT. Furthermore, we have evaluated the performance of these models on all three datasets, e.g., veracity, stance, and sentiment. Based on our second experimental evaluation, the BERT has a superior performance over the other models compared.

Dialogue management systems are commonly applied in daily life, such as online shopping, hotel booking, and driving booking. Efficient dialogue management policy helps systems to respond to the user in an effective way. Policy learning is a complex task to build a dialogue system. There are different approaches have been proposed in the last decade to build a goal-oriented dialogue agent to train the systems with an efficient policy. The Generative adversarial network (GAN) is used in the dialogue generation, in previous works to build dialogue agents by selecting the optimal policy learning. The efficient dialogue policy learning aims to improve the quality of fluency and diversity for generated dialogues. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are used to optimize the policies because the sequence is discrete. In this study, we have proposed a new technique called Cascade Generative Adversarial Network (Cas-GAN) that is combination of the GAN and RL for dialog generation. The Cas-GAN can model the relations between the dialogues (sentences) by using Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN). The graph nodes are consisting of different high level and low-level nodes representing the vertices and edges of the graph. Then, we use the maximum log-likelihood (MLL) approach to train the parameters and choose the best nodes. The experimental results compared with the HRL, RL agents and we got state-of-the-art results.