A utilização de biomassa como fonte de energia renovável é uma das características marcantes da matriz energética brasileira. O aproveitamento energético da biomassa agrícola e florestal é uma forma de diminuir custos de produção, aproveitar os resíduos e diminuir o uso de combustíveis fósseis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o mercado de biomassa no Estado de São Paulo a fim de definir quais materiais possuem mais fornecedores e quais possuem propriedades consideradas favoráveis para queima. Para isso, foram levantadas informações sobre a localização dos fornecedores e foi feita a caracterização energética das biomassas analisadas: briquete, cavaco, serragem, lenha e madeira de eucalipto, cavaco de pinus, bagaço de cana, carvão vegetal e casca de arroz. Os dados referentes ao número de fornecedores foram obtidos, por mesorregiões, em um website de compra e venda de biomassas. Em relação à quantidade produzida, demandada e propriedades energéticas das biomassas analisadas, os dados foram obtidos em relatórios e artigos científicos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que existem mais fornecedores de lenha, cavaco e floresta de eucalipto. Em relação à oferta, os materiais que possuem maior produção no estado são o bagaço de cana, a floresta e a lenha de eucalipto. Em relação à demanda das biomassas analisadas, foi observado que são mais utilizadas para produção de energia nas indústrias de papel e celulose, siderurgia, beneficiamento de arroz, cerâmica, moveleira, alimentos e bebidas. Conclui-se que os materiais que possuem maior disponibilidade de fornecedores, alta produção e são favoráveis para queima são: o cavaco de eucalipto, a lenha e a floresta em pé de eucalipto.

The use of biomass energy is increasingly widespread among industries. There is a growing demand for the purchase of biomass aiming at the generation of thermal and electric energy, as in the case of the sugar and energy sectors, pulp and paper and wood panels. The aim of this article is to analyze a biomass supply chain considering the offer, distance and energy characteristics of biomass. The demand for biofuel is from a panel industry located in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The final cost was calculated based on price quotes, freights and energy properties of each biomass. The biomasses chosen for analysis were: sawdust, wood chips, briquettes, firewood, standing eucalyptus forest (log) and rice husks. It was found that the largest supply of biomass at the lowest cost is in the distances between 50 km and 250 km. The best materials were wood chips and eucalyptus log. Freight was not a determining factor in the final cost of biomass, even for the longest distances. It was concluded that the chip and the log had advantages for different distances.

There is a global trend in the use of biomass as a source of energy, which contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution, social inclusion and reduction of productive costs. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the concept of renewable energy, the use of biomass as a renewable and sustainable energy source and its applicability. In this chapter, an exploratory study was accomplished, through a bibliographical research. It is understood that the use of biomass has great potential in Brazil as a source of energy, due to the availability and diversity of resources.

Energy produced through biomass, when produced in an efficient and sustainable way, generates a series of environmental, economic and social benefits when compared to the use of fossil fuels. Benefits such as better land management, job creation, efficient use of agricultural areas, provision of modern energy vectors to rural communities, reduction of CO2 emissions, waste control and nutrient recycling can be highlighted. This paper discusses the contributions of energy co-generation, from biomass, to the supplementation of electric energy, reduction of environmental impacts and generation of employment. The aim was to understand the impact of public policies to increase the efficiency of the sugar-energy sector and if there was an increase in employment and manpower in the field, as well as reduction of environmental impacts by reducing the consumption of other less renewable sources of energy within the State from São Paulo. In order to carry out this study, it was necessary to analyze the social, economic and agronomic indicators and the energy plans that aim at the development of the sector, such as the National Energy Plan and the Paulista Energy Plan.