In Mexico, corn is the most widely used cereal, however, in arid areas it is not possible to cultivate it, so white sorghum represents an alternative. However, it is important to know the varieties nutritional content. Therefore, this study the proximal profile and fatty acids of six white sorghum varieties grown in Mexico were evaluated. Proximate analysis was carried out based on AACC methods and gas chromatography had been used for fatty acid analysis. Mazatlan and Sureño varieties showed the highest content of proteins (12%), fiber (7%), and ash (1.65%); regarding fat content, the highest values were found in Mazatlan and Costeño (4%). For fatty acid profile, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were detected, including Omega 6 and 9. Sorghum represents an alternative, specially for arid and semiarid regions. The results indicate that these varieties are a viable source to produce foods for human consumption.

The purpose of this review is to analyze the biochemical progression of atherosclerotic plaque and its association with diet and diabetes. This study shows the scientific evidence of demonstrating that diabetic patients present high levels of fatty acids like palmitic acid and linoleic acid in their atheroma plaques in comparison with non-diabetic patients. This study also establishes how patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic heart diseases in the form of Coronary Thrombosis and have different anatomopathological appearance like higher necrotic core and thin fibrotic layer than the general population. Furthermore this review describes the different anatomopathological appearance and cellular changes involved in the formation of these plaques and how diet can affect the development of these plaques.

Mexicans and Mexican Americans share culture, genetic background, and predisposition for chronic complications associated with obesity and diabetes making imperative efficacious treatments and prevention. Obesity has been treated for centuries focused-on weight loss while other treatments on associated conditions like gout, diabetes (T2D), and hypertriglyceridemia. To date, there is no systematic review that synthesizes the origin of obesity clinics in Mexico and the efforts to investigate treatments for obesity tested by randomized clinical trials (RCT). We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve anti-obesity RCT through 2019 and without an inferior temporal limit. The systematic review included RCT of anti-obesity treatments in the Mexican adult population, covering alternative medicine, pharmacological, nutritional, behavioral, and surgical interventions reporting metabolism-associated traits such as BMI, weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, among others. Only the studies with at least 3 months of treatment were included in the meta-analyses in order to reduce placebo effects. We found 634 entries, after removal of duplicates and screening the studies based on eligibility criteria, we analyzed 43 national, and 2 multinational-collaborative studies. Most of the national studies had small sample sizes, and the implemented strategies do not have replications in the population. The nutrition/behavioral interventions were difficult to blind, and most studies have medium-to-high risk of bias. Nutritional/behavioral interventions and medications showed effects on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Simple measures like pure water instead of sweet beverages decrease triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Dark chocolate showed the highest effect for BMI and high blood pressure, and treatment with insulin increased weight in those with T2D. The study of obesity in Mexico has been on-going for more than four decades, the interest on RCT just increased until this millennium, but with small sample sizes and lack of replication. The interventions affect different cardiometabolic associated traits, which should be analyzed in detail in the population living near the Mexico-U.S. border; therefore, bi-national collaboration is desirable to disentangle the cultural effects on this population's treatment response.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020221436, identifier: CRD42020221436.

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Maize has antioxidant properties and a high amount of carbohydrates, while fish has high-quality proteins and unsaturated fatty acids. The goal of this study was to prepare a functional food enriched with protein and n-3 fatty acids from Scomber scombrus. A sensory analysis was carried out, along with a texture profile, color and proximate analyses, content of EPA+DHA, and shelf life analyses on five formulations of the snack produced. The best-accepted formula turned out to be the one containing 15% fish, and in comparison with the control, it displayed similar fracturability, less hardness, a higher amount of protein and lipids, and EPA+DHA (p ≤ 0.05), providing 14.6% of the daily recommended intake of EPA+DHA (30 g of product). The development of new products, such as the one proposed in this study, can be a new and healthy alternative to substitute other similar, commercially sold products with a lower amount of nutrients. Producción y caracterización de un aperitivo a base de harina de maíz y caballa atlántica (Scomber scombrus) RESUMEN El maíz tiene propiedades antioxidantes y contiene una gran cantidad de carbohidratos, mientras que el pescado posee proteínas de alta calidad y ácidos grasos insaturados. El objetivo de este estudio fue preparar un alimento funcional enriquecido con proteínas y ácidos grasos n-3 obtenidos de Scomber scombrus. Con este propósito se realizó un análisis sensorial, un perfil de textura, un análisis proximal y de color, de contenido de EPA + DHA y un análisis de vida útil en cinco formulaciones del aperitivo producido. La fórmula que registró mayor aceptación contiene 15% de pescado y, en comparación con el control, mostró fracturabilidad similar, menos dureza, mayor cantidad de proteínas y lípidos, así como de EPA + DHA (p ≤ 0.05); además, proporciona 14.6% de la ingesta diaria recomendada de EPA + DHA (30 g de producto). La elaboración de nuevos productos, como el propuesto en este estudio, puede ser una alternativa novedosa y saludable para sustituir productos similares que contienen menor cantidad de nutrientes y se venden comercialmente, ARTICLE HISTORY