Para mejorar el manejo de la nutrición del mango y mantener la fertilidad del suelo es necesario conocer la composición nutrimental de los frutos así como la cantidad de nutrimentos removidos por la cosecha. En 2009 se realizó el presente estudio con los cvs. Haden y Tommy Atkins bajo producción forzada en el Valle de Apatzingán, Michoacán, México con los objetivos de: i) determinar la composición nutrimental de los tejidos del fruto (epidermis, pulpa, testa y embrión); y ii) cuantificar la cantidad de nutrimentos removida por la cosecha de los dos cultivares de mango. Se seleccionaron dos huertos comerciales de mango ‘Haden’y dos de ‘Tommy Atkins’, con manejo del riego y tipo de suelo (Vertisol) similares. En cada huerto se eligieron cinco árboles de los que se cosecharon dos frutos en madurez fisiológica. Los frutos se separaron en sus tejidos y a cada uno les fue determinado en la materia seca la concentración de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn y B. La composición nutrimental de los tejidos del fruto presentó variaciones dentro de cada cultivar. La epidermis y el embrión presentaron las mayores concentraciones de nutrimentos. La cantidad de nutrimentos removidos varió con el tejido, presentándose los valores más altos para pulpa y epidermis y los más bajos para la testa. La cantidad de nutrimentos removida por tonelada de fruto fresco fue similar en los dos cultivares de mango, con excepción del Mn cuya remoción fue mayor en los frutos de ‘Haden’. Los intervalos de remoción nutrimental para ‘Haden’ y ‘Tommy Atkins’ fueron (kg t-1 fruto fresco): N (1.03-1.11), P (0.22-0.24), K (1.88-2.14), Ca (0.21-0.31), Mg (0.14-0.15), S (0.28-0.33); (g t-1 fruto fresco): Fe (3.5- 3.8), Cu (1.0-1.1), Mn (3.2-4.8), Zn (2.0-2.8) y B (1.5-1.6).

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.

Balanced and timely nutrition is important to ensure the yield and quality of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit. This research was carried out in the cv. Méndez with the objectives of a) to describe the dynamics of fruit growth and the process of dry matter accumulation in mesocarp, b) to quantify the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in the mesocarp (pulp) during fruit development. In a commercial orchard with site-specif ic fertilization, 20 trees were selected and 30 summer flowering inflorescences per production cycle (2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17) were marked in each one. Five fruits per tree were randomly collected in f ive stages of development, from olive size to harvest, and the dry matter of the mesocarp and the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and B in this tissue were quantif ied. The fruit required 300 days from anthesis to harvest. It showed accelerated growth in the f irst three stages of development (S-Olive, S-I and S-II) and lower growth in the last stage (S-III). Dry matter accumulation was constant during fruit development, although the largest accumulation occurred in S-III. In general, the concentration of nutrients in the mesocarp decreased with fruit development and its accumulation increased. The greatest fruit growth occurred in the f irst 185 post-anthesis days, when the mesocarp accumulated less than one-third of the total nutrients required until harvest. The results indicate the need to review how nutrients are supplied to the tree, to make sure they are adequately provided during fruit development.

El aguacate (Persea americana Miller) cv. Méndez es de importancia económica en México porque se cosecha cuando baja la producción de Hass, por lo que alcanza mejor precio. Con el fin de conservar esta ventaja comercial se requiere producir frutos de buena calidad mediante la aplicación de los nutrientes requeridos por el cultivo. Como el estado nutrimental de los frutos de aguacate es influenciado por factores edáficos, climáticos, manejo agronómico, fertilización, cultivar y época de floración, que interaccionan en una zona productora, el objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la concentración y remoción de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn y B por los tejidos del fruto (exocarpio o piel, mesocarpio o pulpa, cubierta seminal y embrión) de la producción principal (junio a septiembre) del aguacate Méndez cultivado en las regiones de Jalisco, Michoacán y Nayarit. Se recolectaron frutos por huerto (siete) y región (tres) con ≥ 22.7 % de materia seca en el mesocarpio (método del horno de microondas). De cada tejido del fruto se obtuvo el peso de materia fresca y seca con la finalidad de determinar la concentración de nutrimentos y calcular la remoción por tejido y fruto completo. Se realizó análisis de varianza de una vía y la prueba de comparación de medias Waller-Duncan. El exocarpio de los frutos de Jalisco removió más P, Ca, Fe y Cu. En Jalisco y Michoacán el mesocarpio tuvo mayor remoción de K, Mg y Cu. La cubierta seminal de los frutos de Jalisco sobresalió en K, Ca y Cu. En cuanto al embrión, los frutos de Jalisco y Michoacán presentaron la mayor remoción de nutrimentos. En Michoacán y Jalisco los frutos presentaron la mayor remoción total de P (0.41 a 0.43 kg t-1), K (4.20 a 4.42 kg t-1), Mg (0.34 a 0.35 kg t-1) y Fe (10.18 a 10.25 g t-1), mientras que en Nayarit fue el B (13.25 g t-1).

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.