The comparison was made between eighteen mutant and four non-mutant rice straw variety in Indonesia in terms of chemical composition, nutrient value and in vitro digestibility. The second objective was to determine the correlation between in vitro digestibility parameters and fibrous component in twenty-two Indonesian rice straw varieties. Rice straw samples were collected in triplicate from three replicate plots. The effect of variety on rice straw quality, nutrient values and in vitro digestibility was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results demonstrated that the rice straw varieties differed (P<0.

This study investigated the effect of harvesting time on concentration and biological activity of tannin in Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) leaves and determined the in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of diet supplemented with A. paniculata leaves to evaluate its role as herbal supplement in ruminant's feed. A. paniculata leaves were harvested at two time points i.e., before and after flowering phase and the samples were dried to analyze concentration and biological activity of tannin. Rice straw was used as basal diet to carry out in vitro digestibility trial. Four treatments were used including B consisting basal diet only, BBF and BAF each consisting basal diet supplemented with 1% A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phases, respectively, and BBAF supplemented with 0.5% A. paniculata leaves before and 0.5% after flowering phase. Each treatment was carried out in five replications. Results revealed that contents (mg/g) for total tannin (20.40±1.06 vs 19.33±1.19; P<0.05) and condensed tannin (8.44±0.17 vs 5.47±0.30; P<0.01) were greater in leaves harvested after flowering compared with before flowering phase, however, no significant difference (P > 0.05) on biological activity of tannins was observed between the two flowering phases. The in vitro gas production was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the supplementation of A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phase. A. paniculata supplementation also did not influence (P > 0.05) in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) values. It was concluded that the supplementation of A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phase in the diet does not affect the digestibility.

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa karkas kelinci jantan yang dipotong pada bangsa dan kategori berat potong yang berbeda. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial digunakan, dimana bangsa kelinci (lokal dan New Zealand White) dan kategori berat potong (< 2 kg dan > 2 kg) sebagai faktor-faktornya. Jumlah ulangan pada setiap pengelompokan adalah 15 ekor sehingga total 60 ekor kelinci digunakan. Peubah yang diamati adalah berat karkas, berat daging, berat tulang, persentase karkas, persentase daging, persentase tulang dan meat bone ratio (MBR). Dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan pengamatan korelasi antara berat potong dan berat karkas dengan berat karkas, berat daging, berat tulang, persentase karkas, persentase daging, persentase tulang dan MBR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan bangsa dan berat potong memberikan perbedaan signifikan terhadap berat karkas, daging, dan tulang (P<0,05). Berat potong berkorelasi positif dengan berat karkas (r=0,955; P<0,01). Perbedaan bangsa dan berat potong tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase karkas dimana karkas kelinci lokal pada kisaran 53,04%, sedangkan New Zealand White 51,66%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara MBR di kedua kelompok dengan kategori berat > 2 kg. Kelinci New Zealand White berat < 2kg menghasilkan MBR yang terendah yaitu sebesar 2,17 (P<0,05). Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) antara faktor perbedaan bangsa dengan berat potong terhadap berat karkas, persentase karkas dan berat daging. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kelinci lokal dengan berat potong < 2 kg dan > 2 kg menghasilkan persentase karkas dan MBR yang berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05). Kelinci New Zealand White sebaiknya dipotong pada berat > 2 kg karena pada berat potong < 2 kg menghasilkan rasio MBR yang rendah. Terdapat interaksi antara berat potong dan perbedaan bangsa terhadap performa karkas kelinci jantan. Kata kunci: Karkas; kelinci jantan; kelinci lokal; new zealand white ABSTRACT. This study investigated the performance of Local and New Zealand White buck carcass at different weights. A factorial completely randomized design was applied, with rabbit breeds (local and New Zealand White) and weight category (<2 kg and >2 kg) as factors. 60 bucks were used divided into 15 bucks per group. Carcass weight, meat weight, bone weight, carcass percentage, meat percentage, bone percentage, meat bone ratio (MBR) were observed. Correlation between slaughter and carcass weight with carcass weight, meat weight, bone weight carcass percentage, meat percentage, bone percentage and MBR also observed in this study. Results showed that the differences in breeds and slaughtering weight gave significant differences in carcass, meat, and bone weight (P<0.05). Slaughtering weight was positively correlated with carcass weight (R 2 =0.955; P<0.01). Breed and slaughtering weight category differences did not significantly affect carcass percentage, where local rabbit carcass was 53.04%, while New Zealand White was 51.66%. There was no sign...

Acetic acid bacteria grow while producing acetic acid, resulting in acidification of the culture. Limited reports elucidate the effect of changes in intracellular pH on transcriptional factors. In the present study, the intracellular pH of Komagataeibacter europaeus was monitored with a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein, showing that the intracellular pH decreased from 6.3 to 4.7, accompanied by acetic acid production during cell growth. The leucine-responsive regulatory protein of K. europaeus ( Ke Lrp) was used as a model to examine pH-dependent effects, and its properties were compared with those of the Escherichia coli ortholog ( Ec Lrp) at different pH levels. The DNA-binding activities of Ec Lrp and Ke Lrp with the target DNA ( Ec-ilvI and Ke-ilvI ) were examined by gel mobility shift assays under various pH conditions. Ec Lrp showed the highest affinity with the target at pH 8.0 ( K d , 0.7 μM), decreasing to a minimum of 3.4 μM at pH 4.0. Conversely, Ke Lrp did not show significant differences in binding affinity between pH 4 and 7 ( K d , 1.0–1.5 μM), and the highest affinity was at pH 5.0 ( K d , 1.0 μM). Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the α-helical content of Ke Lrp was the highest at pH 5.0 (49%), and was almost unchanged while maintaining >45% over a range of pH levels examined, while that of Ec Lrp decreased from its maximum (49% at pH 7.0) to its minimum (36% at pH 4.0). These data indicate that Ke Lrp is stable and functions over a wide range of intracellular pH levels. IMPORTANCE Lrp is a highly conserved transcriptional regulator found in bacteria and archaea and regulates transcriptions of various genes. The intracellular pH of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) changes accompanied by acetic acid production during cell growth. The Lrp of AAB K. europaeus ( Ke Lrp) was structurally stable over a wide range of pH and maintained DNA-binding activity even at low pH compared with Lrp from E. coli living in a neutral environment . In vitro experiment showed DNA-binding activity of Ke Lrp to the target varied with changes in pH. In AAB, change of the intracellular pH during a cell growth would be an important trigger in controlling the activity of Lrp in vivo .