Detection of Intraspecific variation in Botrytis cinerea and in vitro biological control by compost extract.Objectives: The present study was on intraspecific variation detection in B. cinerea and the effect of a municipal solid waste compost extract on two stages of its life cycle. Methodology and results: tomato leaves were inoculated with 22 strains of B. cinerea to select the most virulent. They were transplanted into culture medium based on compost extract to assess the growth and sporulation. B. cinerea strains isolated from tomato plants proved to be more virulent. Growth and sporulation of five strains selected were inhibited by the extracts in the media by 95.24% and 100% respectively. Conclusion and application of research: The study of pathogenicity of B. cinerea showed the existence of intraspecific variation. The sterilized compost extracts efficiency on B. cinerea in vitro proves that chemical compounds are involved and suggests the possibility of using these extracts and compost in vivo against tomato gray mold. Mouria et al.… J. Appl. Biosci. 2013. Mise en évidence d'une variation intraspecific chez B. cinerea et ce lutte biologique in vitro.

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Abstract-The plants of rice varieties (Arco, Thaibonnet and Elio)

Thirty Trichoderma isolates isolated from compost, various crops and soil with roots of adjacent sites to the phosphate mines of Morocco, were tested in vitro for their potential to solubilize phosphorus from phosphate rock. The qualitative assessment of phosphate solubilization by Trichoderma isolates was performed on Modified Pikovskaya Agar (MPA) solid medium. The visual observation of the 3- and 6-day-old cultures did not show any clear zone around the colony. However, all the isolates were able to grow on the culture medium 3 days after incubation, the maximum recorded diameter was 58.6 mm for isolate TR-B 98 (3) and the minimum value was 34.8 mm for isolate TS-EM-98 (2). After 6 days, they showed good radial growth that exceeded 79.8 mm with variable appearance of the mycelial density such as the isolates TS-B 98, TS-EM-98 (1) and TR-CB 2000 (1) that presented, respectively, high, regular and low mycelial density. Also, the Trichoderma isolates produced variable number of conidia on MPA medium. Quantitative estimation on the Modified Pikovskaya Broth (MPB) liquid medium showed a variable potential of the Trichoderma isolates to solubilize phosphate when the amount of soluble phosphorus remained low in the liquid medium without the fungus (0.26 mgL−1). The maximum concentration of soluble phosphorus was 11.92 mgL−1 with percentage of soluble phosphorus equal to 95.39% recorded by the isolate TR-TB 2000 after 9 days of incubation, followed by the isolates TR-B 98 (3), TS-B 98 and TR-EM 2 respectively, 11.20, 10.47 and 9.61 mgL−1 and 89.6, 83.76 and 76.38%. In addition, treatments with Trichoderma isolates provided a lower final broth pH which varied between 6.81 for TOL isolate and 3.40 for TS-B-2000 (2) compared to initial pH (7.2). The isolates that proved potent for phosphate solubilization displayed the highest fresh and dry weights such as TR-TB 2000 (FW = 4.11 g and DW = 2.56 g), while the lowest fresh and dry weight were noted in the weakest isolates for phosphate solubilization such as T27 (FW = 1.025 g and DW = 0.58 g). The high solubilization potential of Trichoderma isolates can be exploited for the solubilization of fixed phosphorus present in the soil, thus improving soil fertility and plant growth.

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