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The superior power quality of the multilevel inverter (MLI) compared to the two-level counterpart has increased its suitability for medium and high power applications. In the present work, a switched capacitor MLI topology has been presented, which utilises lesser switches and dc power supply and generates a 13-level output voltage. The detailed analysis along with simulation and hardware results have been presented. The comparative performance of the proposed topology has also been presented.

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Optimal placement of protective devices and switches in the distribution system improves the system reliability at the cost of increased investment. In this study, a new bi-directional analytical model has been developed to solve the problem of optimal placement of protective devices and switches in various zones of a distribution system with distributed generation (DG). The model determines the optimal number and locations of reclosers, switches, 'fuse-save fuses' and 'fuse-blow fuses' for increasing the system reliability while reducing the investment and outage costs, considering system data uncertainties. For considering uncertainties in load data, failure rates (temporary and permanent) and repair rates, the model utilises three-point estimate method. The formulated problem has been solved for 69-bus distribution system and radial distribution system connected to bus 4 of the reliability busbar test system, using genetic algorithm optimisation technique. After analysing the test results, it is concluded that considerable profit to the utility is achieved by optimal placement of protective devices and switches in various zones of the distribution system with DG units.

Because of the rapid increase in the depletion rate of conventional energy sources, the energy crisis has become a central problem in the contemporary world. This issue opens the gateway for exploring and developing renewable energy sources to fulfill the exigent energy demand. Solar energy is an abundant source of sustainable energy and hence, nowadays, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are employed to extract energy from solar irradiation. However, the PV systems need to work at the maximum power point (MPP) to exploit the highest accessible power during varying operating conditions. For this reason, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to track the optimum power point. Furthermore, the efficient utilization of PV systems is hindered by renowned partial shading conditions (PSC), which generate multiple peaks in the power-voltage characteristic of the PV array. Thus, this article addresses the performance of the newly developed jellyfish search optimization (JSO) strategy in the PV frameworks to follow the global maximum power point (GMPP) under PSC.