ResumenLas enfermedades producidas por arbovirus son un problema muy grave a nivel mundial, debido a que su vigilancia y prevención implica también la vigilancia de sus vectores, lo que hace difícil su control y casi imposible evitar su expansión a cualquier país tropical o subtropical, e incluso algunas regiones templadas. A nivel mundial, el dengue es la enfermedad por arbovirus más común con 40% de la población mundial viviendo en zonas de transmisión del virus del dengue. De las 390 millones de infecciones estimadas y 100 millones de casos anuales, una proporción pequeña de estos casos progresa a dengue grave. Aproximadamente uno de cada 2,000 casos de dengue causan la muerte; sin embargo, la tasa de letalidad de los pacientes con dengue grave se puede reducir de casi 10% a menos del 0.1% si se actúa rápidamente y con calidad en la atención clínica que reciben los pacientes. Esto, aunado a la reciente y rápida propagación del virus chikungunya y el brote de virus zika en países latinoamericanos, como México, hace necesaria la actualización médica y revisión de bibliografía respecto a la prevención, control y gestión de las infecciones causadas por arbovirus. Por lo tanto, presentamos una revisión de lo más reciente sobre enfermedades por arbovirus en América Latina. Arbovirus in Latin AmericaAbstract Diseases produced by arboviruses are a major worldwide problem due to the fact that the surveillance and prevention of them implies the surveillance of vectors, which makes it very difficult to control them, and almost impossible to avoid their expansion to any tropical or subtropical country, and even some temperate regions. Globally, dengue is the most common arboviral disease, with 40% of the world population living in areas with dengue virus transmission. Of the estimated 390 million infections and 100 million cases annually, a small proportion of these cases progress to severe dengue. Approximately one in 2,000 dengue cases result in death. However, the case-fatality rate of patients with severe dengue can be reduced from almost 10% to less than 0.1% by the timing and quality of clinical care that patients receive. This, coupled with the recent and quick spread of Chikungunya virus and the outbreak of Zika virus in Latin American countries including Mexico, makes it necessary the medical update and review of bibliography concerning the prevention, control and management of arboviral-caused diseases. Therefore we present a review of the most recent literature on arboviral diseases in Latin America.
We present the case of a male infant diagnosed with IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and Xlinked) syndrome who presented a generalized rash with a BCG site reaction several months after vaccination. In our patient this dermatological manifestation might be secondary to immune dysregulation, given the important role of Tregs and Th17 cells in mycobacterial immunity, similar to that observed in Kawasaki disease patients.
116www.actapediatrica.org.mx artículo dE rEvisión Acta Pediatr Mex. 2017 mar;38(2):116-124. Agua: la importancia de una ingesta adecuada en pediatría ResumenEl agua es el componente más abundante del cuerpo humano, que por sí mismo es incapaz de producirla en cantidades suficientes para satisfacer sus necesidades; por eso es vital consumir una cantidad adecuada para mantener la homeostasis. A pesar de que el agua es indispensable para la vida hay gran desconocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre el metabolismo de agua y las recomendaciones sobre la ingesta adecuada para una alimentación saludable. Se ha comprobado que los niños consumen menos líquidos de lo recomendado, persistiendo en ellos un estado de subhidratación que puede llegar a afectar su nivel de atención, su desempeño escolar, su estado de ánimo y su capacidad cognitiva. Por otra parte, los niños consumen gran cantidad de bebidas azucaradas al día, que exceden las recomendaciones diarias de calorías en líquidos; por lo tanto se deben instituir normas y medidas para garantizar un buen estado de hidratación en la población infantil, así como intervenciones para reducir el consumo de bebidas azucaradas en su dieta. AbstractWater is the largest component of the human body, which is unable to produce enough of it to satisfy its needs: therefore is vital to consume the right amount to maintain homeostasis. However, even as water is an essential nutriment for life, health professionals jack much about water metabolism and adequate intake recommendations to maintain a healthy alimentation. Moreover, is well known that children consume less fluids than are recommended, thus are in a hydration condition that can affect their attention level, school performance, mood and cognition. Besides, children consume a great amount of sugar beverages, exceeding recommendations of caloric intake. Therefore, standards and measures should be instituted to ensure satisfactory a good state of hydration in children and to reduce of intake sugar beverages in their diet.
We present the case of a male infant diagnosed with IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked) syndrome who presented a generalized rash with a BCG site reaction several months after vaccination. In our patient this dermatological manifestation might be secondary to immune dysregulation, given the important role of Tregs and Th17 cells in mycobacterial immunity, similar to that observed in Kawasaki disease patients.
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