The research paper presented to explore valid, practical, and effective e-learning media. Reflectig the purpose of paper, this study is  to improve critical thinking skills, to obtain an overview  at high levels and  increasing students' critical thinking skills including ability. The hypothesis is as a rational decision-making process on what believed is, through the aspect of providing basic explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, and strategies and tactics in the lesson planning course, at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The paper explained ADDIE development model which included the design, development, analysis, implementation and evaluation stages which reffered research and development (R & D). The data for testing e-learning media in learning and tests of critical thinking skills carried out from fourth-semester students . The study used the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design for trial design. The results concluded the average percentage of feasibility value of the e-learning media from the three validators was 86.6% with very feasible criteria, the critical thinking ability instrument was 79.9% through feasible criteria. E-learning media used in a limited trial that obtained an average score of 82.4% for lecturers and students with  practical criteria. E-learning media is improving critical thinking skills  effectively which indicated  changes in students and critical thinking test presented the results from 56.7 to 81.3. The findings showed that the  e-learning media is valid, practical, and an effective criteria to improve students' critical thinking skills. Keywords: E-learning,  learning strategies, critical thinking skills, tactics;

This article is intended to highlight the linguistic principle proposed by anthropological linguists, “Language is a mirror of the culture.” The purpose of study attempts to explore foreign language teaching and learning from the perspective of language shapes thought and to improve language learning through a cross a cross-cultural communication. The first part of this article, the linguistic principle, is reflected in the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis or the Whorfian hypothesis briefly highlighted. Second part focuses on the practical use of the Whorfian hypothesis for teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL), especially cross culture understanding (CCU) and the English teaching for specific purposes (ESP).

The current study explores the effectiveness of code-switching (CS) in language classroom, a case of second language (L2) teachers' perspectives. Code-switching (CS) refers to a usage of the two languages in conversation and it also relates to a 'language mixing' . CS may occur between sentences, known as 'inter-sentential code-switching'; and it may also occur within a sentence, known as 'intra-sentential code-switching' . Code-switching is a linguistic feature of multi-lingual societies, as they are gifted with more privileges to use various languages. The current study points out the perceptions of language teachers towards code-switching in the classroom in the process of teaching and the purposes of code-switching in teaching. The data for the study includes the responses of the attitudinal test questions designed on a Likert Scale of 20 teacher-respondents from the two government schools of Delhi-NCR. The outcome of the study illustrates that the predominance of code-switching in the classrooms is used to interpret complex ideas, translate questions, seek confirmation, check students understanding, also to build solidarity and code-switching is most prevalent in primary education. Hence, code-switching is a distinctive linguistic requirement in education but there is a negative towards the use of CS in the classroom.

The current study investigated learners views towards the teachers' switching to the mother tongue in  English as a foreign language (EFL) classes in secondary school in Algeria. It aimed at shedding some light on learners’ views towards the teachers’ switching to the mother tongue and different functions of code-switching (CS). A total of 120 secondary school learners participated in the study. The study concluded that learners have positive views toward the teachers' use of their mother tongue in EFL classes. It is used mainly to translate unknown vocabulary and explain grammar lessons.

The current study aimed to explore the rhetoric situation of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in social media. In this study, the researcher uses the rhetoric situation theory of Bitzer and Toulmin model of argumentation as a theoretical framework. The secondary data were obtained from social media (i.e., Twitter and Facebook from 15th March 2020 to 31st March 2020). Therefore, all the data were based on the current issue of COVID-19. The qualitative approach is used in this study. The findings revealed rhetoric situation led to the construction of the rhetoric message produced in social media. The rhetoric message was the subject of conversation in social media regarding COVID-19, which is produced intentionally to persuade others. Social media is responsible for the rhetorical situation today. However, rhetoric of the current situation in the pandemic COVID-19 cannot be ignored, the role of rhetorical arguments in the digital era, or better known as the digital rhetoric.