Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound psychological influence on everyone in society, and the impact it had on students, particularly medical students, cannot be underestimated. The main purpose of this study is to (1) determine the prevalence of mental disorders among medical students and their associated factors, and (2) examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on mental health problems among medical students. Methods Between March and May 2021, we conducted a randomized controlled study on two phases among medical students at An-Najah National University. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and the Arabic version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We also used the MEDAS tool to assess their Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence. In the second phase, sixty-six students were recruited and assigned randomly to control and intervention groups. Intervention impact was assessed using 12-item General Health Questionnaire at two-time points; baseline, and 8 weeks post-intervention. The interventional model used was cognitive behavioral therapy, and the control group received no treatment. Results A total of 329 students were included in the analysis of the first phase of the study. Approximately 28% of students had mental health problems. We found a significant relationship between good mental health status with a higher level of physical activity level, longer sleeping hours, and shorter entertainment time (p < 0.05). In the second phase of the study, a total of 91 students were included. Overall, using the CBT program showed a significant improvement in the outcome measures. At 8 weeks post-intervention, students had lower scores on total GHQ-12, depression, anxiety, and social dysfunction. Conclusion These findings propose that adequate attention must be paid to the mental health of medical students and that CBT programs can be used for the management of mental health problems among medical students.

This article examines the relation and position of human beings in the context of "educational mysticism". This study is important to do using the literature approach to descriptive conceptual research to see the position of man as a creature of God specifically created by God and for certain purposes. Humans according to mysticism are creatures of God that are specially created ("copy") by God and for the purpose of His tajalli (tanazul) and because humans have the potential of the lut because of certain temptations he can glide to a low level, if he wants to return to his fitrah, then he should make a certain effort (mujahadah and riyadlah) in order to climb (taraqi) again "unite" with Him throughthe fourstages of tajalli. That tajalli, both in the process of tanazul and taraqqi, should be understood figuratively and metaphorically (majazi). This situation is due to the existence of love and longing for Allah SWT, so that what is seen and felt is He alone, like someone who is hit by romance with his lover, who is loved and loved, always imagined in his eyes and heart. Thus, a compromise can be made between the concept of Sufism al-Shafi, namely Sufism which combines Sufic vision with a vision of philosophy and Sunni Sufism, namely Sufism which assumes itself to the Koran and Al-Hadist.                                                                                    Keywords: Mysticism, Education, Sprituality, Insan Kamil, Tanazul dan Taraqqi. Abstrak Artikel  ini mengkaji relasi dan kedudukan manusia dalam konteks “tasawuf pendidikan”. Kajian ini penting dilakukan dengan  menggunakan pendekatan literature research-konseptual deskriptif untuk melihat kedudukan manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan yang dicipta secara khusus oleh Tuhan dan untuk tujuan tertentu. Manusia menurut tasawuf adalah makhluk Tuhan yang dicipta secara khusus (“copi”) oleh Tuhan dan untuk tujuan tajalli-Nya (tanazul) dan karena manusia mempunyai potensi lahut yang karena berbagai godaan tertentu dia bisa meluncur ke tingkat yang rendah, apabila dia ingin kembali ke fitrahnya, maka hendaknya melakukan upaya tertentu (mujahadah dan riyadlah) agar bisa mendaki (taraqi) kembali “bersatu” dengan-Nya melalui empat tahap tajalli. Bahwa tajalli, baik dalam proses tanazul dan taraqqi itu, hendaknya dipahami secara figuratif dan metoforis(majazi). Dengan demikian, maka bisa dilakukan kompromis antara konsep tasawuf al-shafi, yaitu tasawuf yang memadukan antara visi sufistik dengan visi filsafat dan tasawuf sunni, yaitu tasawuf yang mengasaskan diri kepada Al-Quran dan Al-Hadist. Kata kunci: Tasawuf, Pendidikan, Spritualitas, Insan Kamil, Tanazul dan Taraqqi.

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Background: Smoking is one of the main causes that is related to lung cancer. It was estimated that tobacco smoking may kill 10 million people annually in the next 20-30 years, and Shisha smoking was very common habit worldwide during the last 20 years, especially in the Middle East. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of shisha smoking and make a comparison between three different countries in the Middle East, and establishing factors associated with shisha smoking among students in universities in Palestine, Jordan and Turkey.Methods: An online cross-sectional study was carried out among university students from 3 different Middle East countries; Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. A total of 812 students were selected for the study. They were asked to answer an online structured questionnaire consisted of questions concerning prevalence and patterns of Shisha smoking, and associated factors. Data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences.Results: The overall prevalence of Shisha smoking was 31.77%. Less than quarter of university students (21.67%) had smoked shisha before. The highest percentage of current Shisha smokers were Palestinians (36.11%), and lowest percentage was from Turkey (20.23%). Approximately 43% of Shisha smokers believe that they will be addicted to Shisha smoking and almost half of them smoke Shisha daily. Approximately, 66% of Jordanian students' current Shisha smokers were smoking shisha at least once daily while the 44% of Turkish students' current shisha smokers were smoking shisha once monthly. The highest percentage of Shisha smokers were university students aged 25 years old and above. However, highest percentages of university students who are Shisha smokers were low monthly income's students. The university students living with their families were smoking Shisha less frequently than students' living in private residencies.Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of Shisha smoking among university students. The highest percentage of university students smoking Shisha were Palestinians. High percentage of smokers between the students believes that they will be addicted to Shisha smoking. The majority of current Shisha smokers was smoking Shisha daily; especially in Jordan and followed by Palestine. The monthly income was affecting the prevalence of Shisha smoking.

Background: Mental illnesses are widely acknowledged among medical students, at the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on medical students. The main purpose of this study to (1) determine the prevalence of mental disorders among medical students and their associated factors, and (2) to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy on mental health problems among medical students. Methods: Between March and May 2021, we conducted a randomized controlled study on two phases among medical students at An-Najah National University. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and the Arabic version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We also used the MEDAS tool to assess their Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence. In the second phase, sixty-six student were recruited and assigned randomly to control and intervention groups. Intervention impact was assessed using 12-item General Health Questionnaire at two time points; baseline, and 8 weeks post-intervention. The interventional model used was the cognitive behavioral therapy, and the control group received no treatment. Results: A total of 329 students were included in the analysis of the first phase of the study. Approximately 28% of students had mental health problems. We found a significant relationship between good mental health status with higher level of physical activity level, longer sleeping hours and shorter entertainment time (p< 0.05). In the second phase of the study, a total of 91 students were included. Overall, using CBT program showed a significant improvement in the outcome measures. At 8 weeks post-intervention, students had lower scores on total GHQ-12, depression and anxiety, and social dysfunction. Conclusion: These findings propose that adequate attention must be paid to the mental health of medical students, and that CBT program can be used for the management of mental health problems among medical students.