In 2013, the United Nations began to campaign for insect consumption as a rich source of high-quality protein and minerals, to thwart the predicted global food shortage and to reduce greenhouse emission. Consequently, entomophagy (or insect consumption) began to receive stronger impetus, and many food industries and investors are developing an interest in insect-based food production. With the global edible insect market estimated to reach US$1.2 billion by 2023, and the Halal industry predicted to reach US$2.6 trillion by 2023, a good understanding of the interplay between the two industries is a necessity. However, while more insects are increasingly becoming parts of processed foods globally, halal certification bodies do not hold a unified stand on the halalness of insects and their extracts, and some of the arguments raised by some Islamists lack rigorous analysis. This paper juxtaposed the views of the four Sunni�Madhabs�(schools of Islamic Canon law) on insect consumption and drew on the Qur�an linguistics to derive the relevant factors that must be considered when certifying insect-based gastronomic items as�Halal. The novelty of this paper lies in exposing the cultural milieu that informed the verdicts of the classical scholars on insect consumption, which later became the harbinger for the controversies among the contemporary halal certification bodies. The paper seeks to pave the way for a unified Islamic stand with regards to insect consumption.� ���Keywords: Insect-consumption, Insect-based food, halal certification, Halalan-Tayyiban, Islamic Classical scholars.�

This study aimed to present a practical framework for designing values teaching program in youth education system. The choice of content, the nature of the students with respect to learning and their perception about the selected content for teaching values were studied. The study follows a Needs analysis design which drew upon document analysis and questionnaire. There were 104 respondents consisting of students from Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) coming from different background and nationalities. Although qualitative paradigm was adopted, quantitative strategy was also used in order to gather views from a large sample size. Document analysis and questionnaire survey were used for data collection. The finding reveals that majority of respondents have strong interest in the selected content and exhibit most of Generation Y characteristics with respect to learning. Although they are technology addicts, they unexpectedly show a different approach to values learning; they preferred personal contact with teachers rather than online-based mode. Inferring from results, the authors recommend the content and method of teaching values in Universiti Brunei Darussalam and the need for further research on the effect of cultural and religious background on the adoption of global culture by students.

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