Lithium batteries development are triggered so many efforts in producing electronic devices due to its excellent performance as energy storage systems. One of the appealing points solid polymer electrolytes for developing solid-state lithium batteries. In this study, Solid polymer electrolytes with crosslinked treatment (SPE-C) were prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose-lithium perchlorate (CMC-LiClO4) and citric acid (CA) as a crosslinker via solution casting method. All SPE-C membranes were assembled into lithium battery coin cells. Degree of crosslinked and degradation were measured to observe crosslink formation in SPE-C membranes and confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), whereas SPE-C in coin cells were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear sweep voltammograms (LSV). The results showed that crosslinked process is successfully obtained with C=O from ester linkage of CA vibration within COO- of CMC for the crosslinking bond formation. The crosslink effect also contributed on enhancing ionic conductivities of SPE-C in coin cells from EIS results. The highest ionic conductivity was obtained in SPE-C2 (1.24×10-7 S/cm) and electrochemically stable in 2.15 V based on LSV measurement. SPE-C2 has good dielectric behavior than the others due to the high ions mobilities for migration process from ion clusters formation, thus it would be useful for further study in obtaining the powerful solid-state lithium polymer batteries.
Silicon Carbide (SiC) merupakan material keramik non-oksida yang memiliki tingkat kekerasan, titik leleh, dan konduktivitas termal yang tinggi. SiC dapat disintesis menggunakan prekursor silika (SiO2) dan karbon (C) dengan memanfaatkan SiO2 sebagai sumber silikon (Si). SiC telah disintesis dari sekam padimenggunakan prekursor SiO2 dan C dengan metode reduksi magnesiotermik. Sintesis SiC dilakukan dengan mencampurkan SiO2 dan C pada perbandingan rasio 1:3, kemudian diberi penambahan magnesium (Mg) dengan variasi massa dari 1,0 g, 1,5 g, dan 2,0 g. Selanjutnya, semua sampel dipanaskan dalam furnace pada temperatur 600 C selama 3 jam. Fase terbentuknya SiC diindikasikan dengan warna fisik pada setiap sampel yang berubah dari abu-abu menjadi putih kehijauan. Selanjutnya serbuk SiC dikarakterisasi menggunakan fourier transform infrared (FTIR) untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dan X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) untuk mengetahui derajat kristalinitas, sudut difraksi 2 , dan jarak antar kisi (d). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya ikatan Si–C pada bilangan gelombang 786,89 – 941,19 cm-1. SiC yang diperoleh pada semua sampel memiliki struktur kubik (β-phase) atau dapat disebut β–SiC dengan karakteristik dhkl (111) dan parameter kisi pada kisaran 0,43 nm berdasarkan analisa menggunakan XRD. Penambahan 1 g Mg menghasilkan SiC yang terbaik dengan puncak intensitas difraksi 54 a.u pada sudut 36,04 . Semakin tinggi penambahan Mg pada proses sintesis menyebabkan penurunan intensitas, derajat kristalinitas, dan memperbesar ukuran kristal β–SiC. β–SiC yang disintesis dari sekam padi dengan temperatur rendah ini dapat diaplikasikan sebagai material keramik. Namun, diperlukan karakterisasi lebih lanjut menggunakan thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA) untuk mengetahui titik leleh serbuk SiC.
The purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) study is to assess the importance of thermal properties and the depth of analysis on Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based hydrogel. Google Scholar is used as a search for database sources using Publish or Perish software, which is related to PVA-based hydrogel’s thermal properties from 2018 to 2020. Thermal properties are focused on the DSC thermogram characteristic. These results strongly indicate that PVA-based hydrogel’s thermal properties are very important and considered for their potential application.
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