No abstract

Herbal medicinal products can contain whole or partially prepared plant components from plant leaves, bark, stems, flowers and seeds.They are administered orally, inhaled or directly applied in the skin. Ruta chalepensis is a wild herb of the Mediterranean region used by many countries in herbal medicine. The existence of bioactive molecules responsible for their pharmacological properties has been shown by phytochemical screening. Results of kidney protective activity of plant. Showed that: for total cholesterol, the effect was dose dependant (50 and 100 mg\kg) in which the plant decreased it in compared to positive and negative groups (162.1±1.83 and 154.6±1.11 mg\dl) compared to (202.1±1.13 and 167.5±2.96 mg\dl) respectively. For total protein, creatinin and albumin the plant also had the ability to keep it near control groups compared to CCL4group.While the results of interaction groups indicated the ability of plant to provide protection against CCL4 damage. the plant possessed the ability to keep testosterone, progesterone and estrogen hormones level near normal in compared to CCL4 treated group (2.96±0.03, 1.93±0.01 and 3.63±0.04 ng\dl); (11.51±4.12, 9.85±2.18 and 11.78±3.42 ng\ml); (29.07±7.21, 30.11±9.11 and 30.67±8.98 ng\ml) for 50,100 mg\kg and negative control respectively. While for interaction group the results showed the ability of plant to counteract the damaged caused by CCL4 (1.67±0.01, 2.54±0.02); (10.42±2.21, 13.65±4.37); (39.74±10.13, 35.45±9.91) for testosterone, progesterone and estrogen hormones in Ruta chalepensis +CCL4 at dose (50 +0.02%) and (100+0.02%) respectively. All results of histo-architecture for kidney and testis showed the ability of plant to counteract any necrosis and abnormality caused by CCL4.

Background: K1 capsular polysaccharide is usually expressed in uropathogenic E. coli.The aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of BipA in the regulation of K1 capsular polysaccharide expression in E. coli. Methods: In order to identify the role of BipA in theK1 capsule expression,bipA gene was deletedin the UPEC strain UTI89.Results: The flow cytometry analyses showed that the capsular polysaccharide expressedon the UTI89ΔbipA cells was less thanthe capsular polysaccharide present on the wild type UTI89 cells. Also, plaque assays using K1specific bacteriophage showed that the plaque diameter produced on UTI89ΔbipA was about 1/2 the plaque diameter produced on wild typeUTI89indicated a reduction in the capsular polysaccharide expression from UTI89ΔbipA in comparison with UTI89.Conclusion: These results showed that the expression of K1 capsular polysaccharide is upregulated by BipA.

Background: A total of (32) stool samples of infants, complaining of diarrhea were included in this study. All of them diagnosed as fungal infections by making a routine and confirmative diagnostic processes, after primary isolation of Candida species, the results reveal that: 12 (37.5%) of isolates were Candida albicans, 11 (34.4%) of isolates were Candida tropicalis and 3 (9.4%) of each isolate of Candida globrata, Candida cruzei and Candida parapsilosis. Five isolates of each one of C. albicans and C. tropicalis were chosen randomly for studying of sensitivity of these isolates to four plant's aqueous extracts, the extracts which were (Pimpinella anisum leaves, Matrecaria chamomilla flowers, Camellia sinensis leaves and Citrus aurantifolia fruits peels), their Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were studied by using the dilution method by Sabouraud Dextrose Broth .The results show the MIC of Pimpinella anisum (Leaves) aqueous extracts was (6.25) mcg / ml., and the MFC were (12.5) mcg / ml., the MIC of Matrecaria chamomilla (Flowers) aqueous extracts was (12.5) mcg / ml., and the MFC were (25) mcg/ml, While the rest plants aqueous extracts of (Camellia sinensis (Leaves), Citrus aurantifolia (Fruit Peels) were results have no or very little antifungal activities in all the isolates, so there were not MIC and MFC for it. A second method was used to test the antifungal activity of the same four plant's aqueous extracts by the agar well diffusion method, and the results showed that the diameters of inhibition zones were increased when the concentrations of extracts were increased. This method was the best in explanation of results of sensitivity tests. Results demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of P. anisum (Leaves) and M. chamomilla (Flowers) Produced inhibition zone against C. albicans at (25, 50 and100 mcg /ml ) concentrations, While the other aqueous extracts of plant under study reveal a very little or no inhibition zones at (25, 50 and100 mcg /ml ) concentrations. When comparison of the plant aqueous extracts with both standard antifungal drugs of Ketoconazole and Amphotericin B under study, I found that the aqueous extracts of P. anisum (Leaves) and M. chamomilla (Flowers) were more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (100 mcg /ml) concentration for both, and detected also that aqueous extracts of M. chamomilla (Flowers) followed by P. anisum (Leaves)  were more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (25 mcg /ml) concentration for both. In comparison with Amphotericin B, I detected that the aqueous extracts of M. chamomilla (Flowers) was more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (50 mcg /ml) concentration for both. And in comparison with ketoconazole, I found that the aqueous extract of M. chamomilla (Flowers) was more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (50 mcg /ml) concentration for both.

Aedes is an important vector for various viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya and zika, which affect human health globally. Due to regular outbreaks of these diseases worldwide, there is a need to identify essential vector proteins that are critical for the survival of the vector, which may be targeted to control the spread of vector-borne disease (VBD). In silico computational methods involving comparative proteomics, analysis of orthologous proteins common amongst members of Aedes genus and protein-protein interaction (PPI) pathway were used to identify essential proteins that could act as novel therapeutic candidates. Twenty-three conserved proteins between A. aegypti and A. albopictus were identified from a BLASTP search with an e-value threshold of 0.005, and their PPI networks were constructed in the STRING database. The merged network was analyzed using various Cytoscape plugins viz. ClusterONE, Cytohubba and MCODE. Thirty-one hub proteins were identified from the system's network biology analysis, and detailed data and literature mining were carried out. Twelve novel vector-control target proteins of A. aegypti, having no human homologs, were determined in the present study that can effectively act as potential therapeutic candidates for drug design and vaccine development.