The authors in paper [1] are presented the new automatic test equipment (ATE) for digital integrated circuits based on the signature analysis. This work introduced a complete framework for the testing of the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of the digital integrated circuits. In this paper, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of this new ATE is presented. The timing simulation and then design download are presented on the Spartan Xilinx chip (X2S400EFT256-7). In this paper, the concept of the portable ATE is presented that reduces the complexity of the traditional ATE. This compacted testing system approach is designed to apply the test pattern to the circuit under test (CUT) and to compact the response of the CUT by signature analyzer. The timing controller and the parallel port of the personal computer (PC) generate all required signals to control all steps of the test cycle for proper operation.

Six inocula 0, 5000, 10000, 15000, 20000 and 25000 second stage juveniles (J 2) and males/pot of T. semipenetrans were tested on 1.5-year-old nematode-free seedlings of Citrus volkameriana. The inoculated seedlings were grown in plastic pots containing about 5 Kg of sterilized sandy clay soil (2:1) under greenhouse conditions for a year. Nematode reproduction and host growth were both affected by the initial inoculum levels. The maximum reduction percentage of shoot length (38.3%), fresh (25.9%), and dry (44.7%) weight as well as root length (36%) and fresh weight (30.5%) were recorded at inoculum levels 20000, 20000, 15000, 25000 and 15000 J 2 and males/seedling; respectively. On the other hand, the maximum nematode final population of J 2 and males (95515), females (1442), and eggmasses (820) were obtained at initial inoculum levels of 20000, 20000, and 15000 J 2 and males/seedling; respectively. A negative relationship occurred between the nematode inoculum level and the rate of reproduction.

Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), one of the main artificial lift methods employed in the Western Desert of Egypt, can significantly influence the operating costs associated with producing assets. ESP well interventions are typically complex and costlier than other artificial lift-related workovers. Consequently, it is important that operators develop a strategy to closely monitor ESP-lifted producing wells to maximize production potential, ESP efficiency, and run-life. This case study reviews the experience gained from developing a monitoring program and response strategy to optimize ESP well value in Egypt. Qarun Petroleum Company (QPC), one of the main operators in the Western Desert of Egypt, operates more than 340 ESP producing wells. Similar to other ESP operators in the area, QPC deals with a range of challenges that can affect ESP performance, run-life, and ESP uptime. To address these challenges, a number of wells were selected for a monitoring program based on the transmission of downhole sensor and surface data. The program called for dedicated surveillance engineers to analyze and review the data in real time to identify any suspicious events that may pose a risk to the ESP's performance. Furthermore, a robust communication workflow was developed to enable the surveillance engineers, field operators, and production engineers to communicate, identify root causes of the captured events, and take corrective actions in a timely manner. Actions could then be executed remotely, eliminating health, safety, and environment risks and reducing the time required to optimize the performance of the ESP wells. The surveillance system proved to be valuable in several instances. Events that could have drastically affect production, such as motor overheating and gas interference were detected in real time. Flow recirculation was also identified more rapidly than without the system; thus, improving operational responsiveness and reducing deferred production. In addition, an ESP failure was avoided by optimizing the pump speed automatically to avoid gas-locking effects without compromising production. This study showed that production gains up to 9,000 BOPD were possible. Moreover, significant improvements in ESP run-life was observed in the monitored wells when compared with premonitoring performance. Field case studies are used in this study to demonstrate the well production and operating expenditure improvements resulting from real-time surveillance and continuous performance monitoring for ESP wells and fields.